{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:40:31Z","timestamp":1787776831240,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN275201300006C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN275201300006C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether decreased fetal growth velocity precedes antepartum fetal death and to evaluate whether fetal growth velocity is a better predictor of antepartum fetal death compared to a single fetal biometric measurement at the last available ultrasound scan prior to diagnosis of demise.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective, longitudinal study of 4285 singleton pregnancies in African\u2010American women who underwent at least two fetal ultrasound examinations between 14 and 32\u2009weeks of gestation and delivered a liveborn neonate (controls; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094262) or experienced antepartum fetal death (cases; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200923). Fetal death was defined as death diagnosed at \u2265\u200920\u2009weeks of gestation and confirmed by ultrasound examination. Exclusion criteria included congenital anomaly, birth at &lt;\u200920\u2009weeks of gestation, multiple gestation and intrapartum fetal death. The ultrasound examination performed at the time of fetal demise was not included in the analysis. Percentiles for estimated fetal weight (EFW) and individual biometric parameters were determined according to the Hadlock and Perinatology Research Branch\/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (PRB\/NICHD) fetal growth standards. Fetal growth velocity was defined as the slope of the regression line of the measurement percentiles as a function of gestational age based on two or more measurements in each pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cases had significantly lower growth velocities of EFW (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and of fetal head circumference, biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference and femur length (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) compared to controls, according to the PRB\/NICHD and Hadlock growth standards. Fetuses with EFW growth velocity &lt;\u200910<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> percentile of the controls had a 9.4\u2010fold and an 11.2\u2010fold increased risk of antepartum death, based on the Hadlock and customized PRB\/NICHD standards, respectively. At a 10% false\u2010positive rate, the sensitivity of EFW growth velocity for predicting antepartum fetal death was 56.5%, compared to 26.1% for a single EFW percentile evaluation at the last available ultrasound examination, according to the customized PRB\/NICHD standard.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given that 74% of antepartum fetal death cases were not diagnosed as small\u2010for\u2010gestational age (EFW &lt;\u200910<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> percentile) at the last ultrasound examination when the fetuses were alive, alternative approaches are needed to improve detection of fetuses at risk of fetal death. Longitudinal sonographic evaluation to determine growth velocity doubles the sensitivity for prediction of antepartum fetal death compared to a single EFW measurement at the last available ultrasound examination, yet the performance is still suboptimal. \u00a9 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T22:27:15Z","timestamp":1600295235000},"page":"942-952","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Reduced fetal growth velocity precedes antepartum fetal death"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Pacora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal\u2013Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD\/NIH\/DHHS)  Bethesda, MD, and Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4448-5121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal\u2013Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD\/NIH\/DHHS)  Bethesda, MD, and Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Michigan State University  East Lansing MI USA"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics Wayne State University  Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Detroit Medical Center  Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal\u2013Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD\/NIH\/DHHS)  Bethesda, MD, and Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. W.","family":"Gudicha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal\u2013Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD\/NIH\/DHHS)  Bethesda, MD, and Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Hernandez\u2010Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal\u2013Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD\/NIH\/DHHS)  Bethesda, MD, and Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6960-8319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.","family":"Musilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal\u2013Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD\/NIH\/DHHS)  Bethesda, MD, and Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kacerovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal\u2013Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD\/NIH\/DHHS)  Bethesda, MD, and Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Jaiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal\u2013Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD\/NIH\/DHHS)  Bethesda, MD, and Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Erez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal\u2013Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD\/NIH\/DHHS)  Bethesda, MD, and Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. D.","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal\u2013Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD\/NIH\/DHHS)  Bethesda, MD, and Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1712-7588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. L.","family":"Tarca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal\u2013Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD\/NIH\/DHHS)  Bethesda, MD, and Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science Wayne State University College of Engineering  Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fetal and Perinatal Mortality: United States, 2013","volume":"64","author":"MacDorman MF","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61723-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000338655"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14463"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"MBRRACE\u2010UKPerinatal Mortality Surveillance Report: UKPerinatal Deaths for Births from January to December 2017","author":"Draper ES GI","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10153.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2001.00205.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7143.1483"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2004.00602.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62233-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.03.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2007.00778.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001633"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38629.587639.7C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340802460271"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.16018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767051003681121"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.16020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182874"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.6109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318187d034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02245.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181704e48"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20414"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2011.01406.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164161"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000477460"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10155.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00131-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15835"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1082"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2006.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The challenge of fetal mortality","author":"Macdorman MF","year":"2009","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13078.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13077.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13007.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1993.03060378.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.8831"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.32.6.1083"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(85)90298-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.181.1.1887021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61490-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.18988"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","first-page":"624","article-title":"Fetal growth and perinatal viability in California","volume":"59","author":"Williams RL","year":"1982","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2012.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14644"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20299"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1675161"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000500453"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","first-page":"CD001451","article-title":"Routine ultrasound in late pregnancy (after 24\u2009weeks' gestation)","volume":"2015","author":"Bricker L","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13148"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15884"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1995.05020114.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142788"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0928-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1684470"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1997.tb11496.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1994.tb11916.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1999.13020086.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00131-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2231010876"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17288"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.04.005"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/uog.23111","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/uog.23111","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/uog.23111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T20:39:44Z","timestamp":1693341584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/uog.23111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/uog.23111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.23111","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-7692","1469-0705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-7692","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}