{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:43:18Z","timestamp":1790800998304,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the long\u2010term outcomes of children born to women with a short cervix and otherwise low risk for preterm birth, after antenatal exposure to vaginal progesterone <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> placebo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a follow\u2010up study of the Triple P trial, which randomized 80 low\u2010risk women with a short cervix (\u2264\u200930\u2009mm) at 18\u201322\u2009weeks' gestation to progesterone (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200941) or placebo (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200939). At 2\u2009years of corrected age, children were invited for a neurodevelopmental assessment, using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition (BSID\u2010III), and a neurological and physical examination by an assessor blinded to the allocated treatment. Parents filled out the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and a general\u2010health questionnaire. The main outcome of interest was  mean BSID\u2010III cognitive and motor scores. Additionally, a composite score of mortality and abnormal developmental outcome, including BSID\u2010III \u2264\u20131\u2009SD, CBCL score in the clinical range and\/or parental reported physical problems (at least two operations or at least two hospital admissions in the previous 2\u2009years), was evaluated. Our sample size, dictated by the original sample of the Triple P trial, provided 80% power to detect a mean difference (MD) of 15 points (1\u2009SD) between groups for the BSID\u2010III tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 80 children born to the randomized women, one in the progesterone group and two in the placebo group died in the neonatal period. Follow\u2010up data were obtained for 59\/77 (77%) children and BSID\u2010III outcomes in 57 children (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200928 in the progesterone group and <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200929 in the placebo group) born at a median gestational age of 38\u2009+\u20096\u2009weeks (interquartile range (IQR), 37\u2009+\u20093 to 40\u2009+\u20091\u2009weeks) with a median birth weight of 3240\u2009g (IQR, 2785\u20133620\u2009g). In the progesterone <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> placebo groups, mean BSID\u2010III cognitive development scores were 101.6 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 105.0 (MD, \u20133.4 (95%\u2009CI, \u20139.3 to 2.6); <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.29) while mean motor scores were 102.4 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 107.3 (MD, \u20134.9 (95%\u2009CI, \u201311.2 to 1.4); <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.13). No differences were seen between the two groups in physical (including genital and neurological examination), behavioral and health\u2010related outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this sample of children born to low\u2010risk women with a short cervix at screening, no relevant differences in neurodevelopmental, behavioral, health\u2010related and physical outcomes were found between offspring exposed to vaginal progesterone and those exposed to placebo. \u00a9 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]],"date-time":"2020-09-22T11:46:12Z","timestamp":1600775172000},"page":"431-439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Progesterone for prevention of preterm birth in women with short cervical length: 2\u2010year infant outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"C. J. 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H.","family":"Van Der Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinical Research Office, Emma Children's Hospital  Amsterdam UMC The Netherlands"},{"name":"Knowledge Institute of the Dutch Association of Medical Specialists  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. E.","family":"Simons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Van Os","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wilhelmina Children's Hospital University Medical Centre Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Van Der Ven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwifery Practice Velp  Velp The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. J. 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