{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:30:36Z","timestamp":1790800236555,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the rate of recurrent Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) in our clinical practices and to evaluate whether the mode of treatment of a CSP is associated with the risk of recurrent CSP, as well as to review the published literature on recurrent CSP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a retrospective search of our six obstetric and gynecological departmental ultrasound databases for all CSPs and recurrent CSPs between 2010 and 2019. We extracted various data, including number of CSPs with follow\u2010up, number of cases attempting and number achieving pregnancy following treatment of  CSP and number of recurrent CSPs, as well as details of the treatment of the original CSP. After analyzing the clinical data, we evaluated whether the mode of treatment terminating the previous CSP was associated with the risk of recurrent CSP. We also performed a PubMed search for: \u2018recurrent Cesarean scar pregnancy\u2019 and \u2018recurrent Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy\u2019. Articles were reviewed for year of publication, and extraction and analysis of the same data as those obtained from our departmental databases were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our database search identified 252 cases of CSP. The overall rate of clinical follow\u2010up ranged between 71.4% and 100%, according to treatment site (mean, 90.9%). Among these, 105 women had another pregnancy after treatment of the previous CSP. Of these, 36 (34.3%) pregnancies were recurrent CSP, with 27 women having a single recurrence and three women having multiple recurrences, one with two, one with three and one with four. We did not find any particular single or combination treatment mode terminating the previous CSP to be associated with recurrent CSP. The literature search identified 17 articles that yielded sufficient information for us to evaluate their reported prevalence of recurrent CSP. These reported 1743 primary diagnoses of CSP, of which  944 had reliable follow\u2010up. Data were available for 489 cases that attempted to conceive again after treatment of a previous CSP, and on the 327 pregnancies achieved. Of these, 67 (20.5%) were recurrent CSP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>On the basis of our pooled clinical data and review of the literature, recurrent CSP is apparently more common than was previously assumed based upon mostly single\u2010case reports or series with few cases. This should be borne in mind when counseling patients undergoing treatment for CSP regarding their risk of recurrence. We found no obvious causal relationship or association between the type of treatment of the previous CSP and recurrence of CSP. Patients who become pregnant after treatment of a CSP should be encouraged to have an early (5\u20137\u2010week) first\u2010trimester transvaginal scan to determine the location of the gestation. \u00a9 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T20:35:51Z","timestamp":1610310951000},"page":"121-126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Recurrent Cesarean scar pregnancy: case series and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9774-3107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I. E.","family":"Timor\u2010Tritsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Horwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7546-8025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"D'Antonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Foggia  Foggia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Monteagudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Imaging for Women, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York NY 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