{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T16:07:49Z","timestamp":1778947669282,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare longitudinal maternal hemodynamic changes throughout gestation between different age groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a prospective longitudinal study assessing maternal hemodynamics using a bioreactance technique at 11\u2009+\u20090 to 13\u2009+\u20096, 19\u2009+\u20090 to 24\u2009+\u20090, 30\u2009+\u20090 to 34\u2009+\u20090 and 35\u2009+\u20090 to 37\u2009+\u20090\u2009weeks' gestation. Women were divided into four groups according to maternal age at the first visit at 11\u2009+\u20090 to 13\u2009+\u20096\u2009weeks: Group\u20091, &lt;\u200925.0\u2009years; Group\u20092, 25.0\u201330.0\u2009years; Group\u20093, 30.1\u201334.9\u2009years; and Group\u20094, \u2265\u200935.0\u2009years. A multilevel linear mixed\u2010effects model was performed to compare the repeat measurements of hemodynamic variables, correcting for demographics, medical and obstetric history, pregnancy complications, maternal age and gestational\u2010age window.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study population included 254 women in Group\u20091, 442 in Group\u20092, 618 in Group\u20093 and 475 in Group\u20094. Younger women (Group\u20091) had the highest cardiac output (CO) and lowest peripheral vascular resistance (PVR), and older women (Group\u20094) had the lowest CO and highest PVR throughout pregnancy. The higher CO seen in younger women was achieved through an increase in heart rate alone and not with a concomitant rise in stroke volume. Although the youngest age group demonstrated an apparently more favorable hemodynamic profile, it had the highest incidence of a small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age neonate. There was no significant difference between the groups in the incidence of pre\u2010eclampsia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Age\u2010specific differences in maternal hemodynamic adaptation do not explain the differences in the incidence of a small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age neonate between age groups. \u00a9 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T22:12:50Z","timestamp":1613513570000},"page":"285-292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effect of maternal age on cardiac adaptation in pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"H. 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