{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T21:43:30Z","timestamp":1780868610902,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the Pfizer\/BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) vaccine among pregnant women compared with non\u2010pregnant women, and to evaluate obstetric outcome following vaccination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was an observational case\u2013control study of pregnant women who were vaccinated with a two\u2010dose regimen of the BNT162b2 vaccine during gestation between January and February 2021 (study group) and age\u2010matched non\u2010pregnant women who received the vaccine during the same time period (control group). Participants received a digital questionnaire 1\u20134\u2009weeks after the second dose and were asked to provide information regarding demographics, medication, medical history, history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) infection, timing of COVID\u201019 vaccine doses and side effects after each vaccine dose. A second digital questionnaire, regarding current pregnancy and delivery outcomes, was sent to patients in the study group after the calculated due date. All recruited women were offered a serology blood test for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 immunoglobulin G (IgG) following the second vaccination dose and SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 IgG levels were compared between the two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 539 pregnant women who were recruited after completion of the two\u2010dose regimen of the vaccine, 390 returned the digital questionnaire and were included in the study group and compared to 260 age\u2010matched non\u2010pregnant vaccinated women. The rates of rash, fever and severe fatigue following vaccination among pregnant women were comparable to those in non\u2010pregnant women. Myalgia, arthralgia and headache were significantly less common among pregnant women after each dose, local pain or swelling and axillary lymphadenopathy were significantly less common among pregnant women after the first and second doses, respectively, while paresthesia was significantly more common among the pregnant population after the second dose. Among pregnant women, there were no significant differences in the rates of side effects according to whether the vaccine was administered during the first, second or third trimester of pregnancy, except for local pain\/swelling, which was significantly less common after the first dose when administered during the third trimester, and uterine contractions, which were significantly more common after the second dose when administered during the third trimester. The rates of obstetric complications, including uterine contractions (1.3% after the first dose and 6.4% after the second dose), vaginal bleeding (0.3% after the first dose and 1.5% after the second dose) and prelabor rupture of membranes (0% after the first dose and 0.8% after the second dose), were very low following vaccination. All  serum samples in both groups were positive for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 IgG. However, pregnant women had significantly lower serum SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 IgG levels compared to non\u2010pregnant women (signal\u2010to\u2010cut\u2010off ratio, 27.03 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 34.35, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Among the 57 pregnant women who delivered during the study period and who completed the second questionnaire, median gestational age at delivery was 39.5 (interquartile range, 38.7\u201340.0) weeks, with no cases of preterm birth &lt;\u200937\u2009weeks, no cases of fetal or neonatal death and two (3.5%) cases of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit for respiratory support.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The adverse\u2010effect profile and short\u2010term obstetric and neonatal outcomes among pregnant women who were vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine at any stage of pregnancy do not indicate any safety concerns<jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold> The vaccine is effective in generating a humoral immune response in pregnant women, although SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 IgG levels were lower than those observed in non\u2010pregnant vaccinated women. \u00a9 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T07:43:58Z","timestamp":1625211838000},"page":"450-456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["Short\u2010term outcome of pregnant women vaccinated with <scp>BNT162b2 mRNA COVID<\/scp>\u201019 vaccine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0427-2356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Bookstein Peretz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sheba Medical Center  Tel Hashomer Israel"},{"name":"Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Regev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sheba Medical Center  Tel Hashomer Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Novick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sheba Medical Center  Tel Hashomer Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Nachshol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sheba Medical Center  Tel Hashomer Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Goffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology  Cambridge MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ben\u2010David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sheba Medical Center  Tel Hashomer Israel"},{"name":"Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Asraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Automated Mega Laboratory Sheba Medical Center  Tel Hashomer Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Doolman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Automated Mega Laboratory Sheba Medical Center  Tel Hashomer Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Gal","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"Infection Prevention &amp; Control Unit Sheba Medical Center  Tel Hashomer Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Regev Yochay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"Infection Prevention &amp; Control Unit Sheba Medical Center  Tel Hashomer Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Yinon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sheba Medical Center  Tel Hashomer Israel"},{"name":"Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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