{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T11:46:48Z","timestamp":1774957608980,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the clinical and ultrasound characteristics of ovarian carcinosarcoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective multicenter study. Patients with a histological diagnosis of ovarian carcinosarcoma, who had undergone preoperative ultrasound examination between 2010 and 2019, were identified from the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) database. Additional patients who were examined outside of the IOTA study were identified from the databases of the participating centers. The masses were described using the terms and definitions of the IOTA group. Additionally, two experienced ultrasound examiners reviewed all available images to identify typical ultrasound features using pattern recognition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety\u2010one patients with ovarian carcinosarcoma who had undergone ultrasound examination were identified, of whom 24 were examined within the IOTA studies and 67 were examined outside of the IOTA studies. Median age at diagnosis was 66 (range, 33\u201391) years and 84\/91 (92.3%) patients were postmenopausal. Most patients (67\/91, 73.6%) were symptomatic, with the most common complaint being pain (51\/91, 56.0%). Most tumors (67\/91, 73.6%) were International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Stage III or IV. Bilateral lesions were observed on ultrasound in 46\/91 (50.5%) patients. Ascites was present in 38\/91 (41.8%) patients. The median largest tumor diameter was 100 (range, 18\u2013260) mm. All ovarian carcinosarcomas contained solid components, and most were described as solid (66\/91, 72.5%) or multilocular\u2010solid (22\/91, 24.2%). The median diameter of the largest solid component was 77.5 (range, 11\u2013238) mm. Moderate or rich vascularization was found in 78\/91 (85.7%) cases. Retrospective analysis of ultrasound images and videoclips using pattern recognition in 73 cases revealed that all tumors had irregular margins and inhomogeneous echogenicity of the solid components. Forty\u2010seven of 73 (64.4%) masses appeared as a solid tumor with cystic areas. Cooked appearance of the solid tissue was identified in 28\/73 (38.4%) tumors. No pathognomonic ultrasound sign of ovarian carcinosarcoma was found.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ovarian carcinosarcomas are usually diagnosed in postmenopausal women and at an advanced stage. The most common ultrasound appearance is a large solid tumor with irregular margins, inhomogeneous echogenicity of the solid tissue and cystic areas. The second most common pattern is a large multilocular\u2010solid mass with inhomogeneous echogenicity of the solid tissue. \u00a9 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T22:28:10Z","timestamp":1625524090000},"page":"241-247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Imaging in gynecological disease (23): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of ovarian carcinosarcoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2104-0602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Ciccarone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Biscione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5070-7245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Moro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. 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Orsola\u2010Malpighi Hospital University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Jokubkiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Malm\u00f6 Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9563-8135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Sladkevicius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Malm\u00f6 Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Chiappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology IRCCS National Cancer Institute  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Fruscio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Milano\u2010Bicocca Department of Medicine and Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital  Monza Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Franchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Division of Gynecology,\u00a0IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2298-7785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Epstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Timmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospitals Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1398-9124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W.","family":"Froyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospitals Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3830-6414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Valentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Malm\u00f6 Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Scambia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. 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