{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:50:37Z","timestamp":1790963437951,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the pattern of fetal cortical development in pregnancies complicated by pre\u2010eclampsia (PE), with and without a small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age (SGA) fetus, compared to uncomplicated pregnancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a prospective observational study including singleton pregnancies complicated by normotensive SGA (birth weight &lt;\u200910<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> centile) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200977), PE with an appropriate\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age (AGA) fetus (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200976) or PE with a SGA fetus (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200967), and 128 uncomplicated pregnancies (normotensive AGA) matched by gestational age at ultrasound. All pregnancies underwent detailed neurosonography, using a transabdominal and transvaginal approach, at 31\u201335\u2009weeks' gestation to assess the depth of the insula, Sylvian fissure, parieto\u2010occipital sulcus, cingulate sulcus and calcarine sulcus. All measurements were adjusted for biparietal diameter (BPD). In addition, a grading score of cortical development was assigned to each brain structure, ranging from Grade 0 (no development) to Grade 5 (maximum development). Univariate and multiple regression analyses were conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Similar to findings in previous studies, normotensive pregnancies with a SGA fetus showed significant differences in cortical development compared with controls, with reduced Sylvian fissure depth adjusted for BPD (14.5\u2009\u00b1\u20092.4 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 16.6\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and increased insula depth adjusted for BPD (33.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.0 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 31.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.0; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Interestingly, a similar cortical development pattern was observed in PE pregnancies with a SGA fetus and in PE pregnancies with an AGA fetus, manifested by reduced Sylvian fissure depth adjusted for BPD (14.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3 and 14.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 16.6\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for both) and greater insula depth adjusted for BPD (33.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1 and 32.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 31.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.0; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for both) compared with controls. No significant differences were observed in parieto\u2010occipital, cingulate sulcus or calcarine sulcus depth across the study groups. The Sylvian fissure was scored as Grade 4 in significantly more (93.2% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 59.5%) and as Grade 5 in significantly fewer (2.7% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 37.3%) PE pregnancies with an AGA fetus compared with controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 for both). These differences remained significant even after statistical adjustment for potential confounders, including ethnicity, low socioeconomic status, nulliparity, chronic hypertension, pregestational diabetes, assisted reproductive technologies, smoking and fetal gender, with the application of Benjamini\u2013Hochberg procedure for multiple comparisons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PE with or without SGA is associated with a differential fetal cortical development pattern which is similar to that described previously in small fetuses. Future research is warranted to elucidate better the mechanism(s) underlying these changes. \u00a9 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.24853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T21:37:16Z","timestamp":1641937036000},"page":"737-746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Fetal neurosonography at 31\u201335\u2009weeks reveals altered cortical development in pre\u2010eclampsia with and without small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age fetus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Basso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BCNatal\u2013Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Cl\u00ednic and Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0554-5507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCNatal\u2013Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Cl\u00ednic and Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Nakaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCNatal\u2013Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Cl\u00ednic and Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6795-0367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Paules","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCNatal\u2013Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Cl\u00ednic and Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0372-8374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCNatal\u2013Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Cl\u00ednic and Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Casu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCNatal\u2013Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Cl\u00ednic and Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCNatal\u2013Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Cl\u00ednic and Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Gratacos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCNatal\u2013Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Cl\u00ednic and Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER\u2010ER)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7379-9608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Eixarch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCNatal\u2013Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Cl\u00ednic and Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER\u2010ER)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Crispi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCNatal\u2013Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Cl\u00ednic and Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER\u2010ER)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0140-7411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Crovetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCNatal\u2013Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Cl\u00ednic and Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER\u2010ER)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00070-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.0854"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2019.01.016"},{"issue":"510","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Outcome at 4.5\u2009years of children born after expectant management of early\u2010onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy","volume":"204","author":"Van Wassenaer AG","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207884"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.0306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.2645"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054717690230"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0794-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1298"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2011.01257.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010884"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4381"},{"issue":"804","key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Association of brain metabolism with sulcation and corpus callosum development assessed by MRI in late\u2010onset small fetuses","volume":"212","author":"Sanz\u2010Cortes M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.13360"},{"issue":"452","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Brainstem and cerebellar differences and their association with neurobehavior in term small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age fetuses assessed by fetal MRI","volume":"210","author":"Sanz\u2010Cortes M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000353631"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.6249"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3346"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23592"},{"issue":"126","key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Differences in cortical development assessed by fetal MRI in late\u2010onset intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"209","author":"Ega\u00f1a\u2010Ugrinovic G","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.22145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23616"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003891"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000357592"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2006.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1975.tb00710.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5315"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpme.1990.18.3.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1994.04050381.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5240"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7660"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7705"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/PRG-120016791"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.953474"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000128983.54614.7E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-014-9246-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.05990.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2014.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20350"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4640"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01591"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-017-4347-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31723-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2750"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Subcortico\u2010Cortical Functional Connectivity in the Fetal Brain: A Cognitive Development Blueprint","volume":"1","author":"Canini M","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex Commun"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/uog.24853","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/uog.24853","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/uog.24853","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T20:21:58Z","timestamp":1747686118000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/uog.24853"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/uog.24853"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.24853","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-7692","1469-0705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-7692","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}