{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:15:25Z","timestamp":1785849325915,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]],"date-time":"2022-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003123","name":"Fetal Medicine Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003123","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare longitudinal maternal hemodynamic changes throughout gestation between different groups stratified according to weight at presentation and assess the relative influence of height, weight at presentation and gestational weight gain on cardiac adaptation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a prospective, longitudinal study assessing maternal hemodynamics using bioreactance technology at 11\u2009+\u20090 to 13\u2009+\u20096, 19\u2009+\u20090 to 24\u2009+\u20090, 30\u2009+\u20090 to 34\u2009+\u20090 and 35\u2009+\u20090 to 37\u2009+\u20090\u2009weeks' gestation. Women were divided into three groups according to maternal weight at presentation at the first visit at 11\u2009+\u20090 to 13\u2009+\u20096\u2009weeks: Group\u20091, &lt;\u200960.0\u2009kg (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009421); Group\u20092, 60.0\u201379.7\u2009kg (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009904); Group\u20093, &gt;\u200979.7\u2009kg (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009427). A multilevel linear mixed\u2010effects model was used to compare the repeated measures of hemodynamic variables, correcting for demographics, medical and obstetric history, pregnancy complications, maternal weight and time of evaluation. The linear mixed\u2010effects model was then repeated using maternal height, weight at presentation and gestational weight gain <jats:italic>Z\u2010<\/jats:italic>scores, and the standardized coefficients were used to evaluate the relative impact of each of these demographic parameters on longitudinal changes of maternal hemodynamics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with Group\u20091, women in Group\u20093 demonstrated higher cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) throughout pregnancy. Groups\u20092 and 3 had higher stroke volume (SV) than Group\u20091 at the first visit, but their SV plateaued between the first and second visits and demonstrated an earlier significant decrease from the second visit to the third visit when compared with Group\u20091. Compared with Groups\u20091 and 2, there was a higher prevalence of pre\u2010eclampsia, gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes in Group\u20093. Maternal height was the most important contributor to CO, peripheral vascular resistance (PVR), SV and HR, while weight at presentation was the most important contributor to MAP. Gestational weight gain was the second most important characteristic influencing the longitudinal changes of PVR and SV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with greater weight at presentation have a pathological hemodynamic profile, with higher CO, HR and MAP compared to women with lower weight at presentation. Height is the main determinant of CO, SV, HR and PVR, weight is the main determinant of MAP, and gestational weight gain is the second most important determinant of SV and PVR. \u00a9 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.24858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T15:38:41Z","timestamp":1642001921000},"page":"523-531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Impact of maternal height, weight at presentation and gestational weight gain on cardiac adaptation in pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"H. Z.","family":"Ling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Research Institute King's College Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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