{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:16:00Z","timestamp":1791476160872,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003123","name":"Fetal Medicine Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003123","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>First, to explore hemodynamic differences between pregnancies delivering a small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age (SGA) neonate in the absence of hypertensive disorders and those that develop pre\u2010eclampsia (PE) or gestational hypertension (GH), by comparing the ophthalmic artery peak systolic velocity (PSV) ratio and first (PSV1) and second (PSV2) PSV at 19\u201323\u2009weeks' gestation, and second, to compare these pregnancies for markers of placental perfusion and function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a prospective observational study in women attending for a routine hospital visit at 19\u2009+\u20091 to 23\u2009+\u20093\u2009weeks' gestation. This visit included recording of maternal demographic characteristics and medical history, ultrasound examination for assessment of fetal anatomy and growth, and measurement of maternal ophthalmic artery PSV ratio, PSV1, PSV2, mean arterial pressure (MAP), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA\u2010PI) and serum placental growth factor (PlGF). The values of PSV ratio, PSV1, PSV2, MAP, UtA\u2010PI and PlGF were converted to multiples of the median (MoM) or deltas. Mean MoMs or deltas of these biomarkers in the SGA, PE and GH groups were compared with those in the unaffected group. The definition of SGA was birth weight below the 10\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentile in the absence of PE or GH.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study population of 5214 pregnancies contained 4375 (83.9%) that were unaffected by SGA, PE or GH, 563 (10.8%) complicated by SGA, 157 (3.0%) with PE and 119 (2.3%) with GH. There were three main findings of the study. First, in the SGA, PE and GH groups, compared with unaffected pregnancies, the PSV ratio delta, PSV2 MoM, MAP MoM and UtA\u2010PI MoM were increased and PlGF MoM was decreased; however, the magnitude of most changes was smaller in the SGA group than in PE and GH groups. Second, in the PE and GH groups, but not in the SGA group, PSV1 MoM was increased. Third, in general, in the pathological pregnancies, the magnitude of deviation of biomarkers from unaffected pregnancies was greater for those delivering at &lt;\u200937 than at \u2265\u200937\u2009weeks' gestation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In mid\u2010gestation, pregnancies that subsequently develop hypertensive disorders and those delivering a SGA neonate, compared with unaffected pregnancies, have abnormal uteroplacental measurements and increased maternal ophthalmic artery PSV ratio. These data suggest similar pathophysiology in the two conditions, with evidence of placental dysfunction and increased peripheral vascular resistance, but the magnitude of abnormalities is greater in hypertensive disorders. \u00a9 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.24913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T06:08:58Z","timestamp":1650434938000},"page":"52-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Ophthalmic artery Doppler at 19\u201323\u2009weeks' gestation in pregnancies that deliver small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age neonates"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7009-8352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Abdel Azim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine King's College Hospital  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Research University of Exeter  Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Sapantzoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine King's College Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. H.","family":"Nicolaides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine King's College Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Charakida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine King's College Hospital  London UK"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23665"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-016-0842-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01095.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.24914"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23528"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23517"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2014.102"},{"issue":"66","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Abnormal endothelium\u2010dependent microvascular dilator reactivity in pregnancies complicated by normotensive intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"200","author":"Koopmans CM","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.948455"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7238.839"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)05112-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10641950601146574"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.24854"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.22184"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000335366"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0960-7692.2001.00572.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1975.tb00710.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1994.04010034.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.19073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000437382.03963.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.19099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230483"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23730"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23742"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.10.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"S0002","article-title":"Preeclampsia has two phenotypes which require different treatment strategies","volume":"10","author":"Masini G","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001664"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.22134"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14777"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14847"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; 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