{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T04:04:40Z","timestamp":1783051480100,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fetal heart\u2010rate irregularities occur in 1\u20132% of pregnancies and are usually caused by premature atrial contractions (PAC). Although PAC are considered benign, they may be associated with cardiac defects and tachyarrhythmia. We aimed to determine the incidence of congenital heart defects (CHDs) and complications in fetuses with PAC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement for reporting items for systematic reviews and meta\u2010analyses. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from 1990 to June 2021 to identify studies on fetuses with PAC. The primary outcome was CHD; secondary outcomes were complications using the endpoints supraventricular tachyarrhythmia (SVT), cardiac failure and intrauterine fetal demise. Meta\u2010analysis of proportions was performed, subdivided into high\u2010risk and low\u2010risk populations based on reason for referral. Pooled incidences with 95%\u2009CIs were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 2443 unique articles identified, 19 cohort studies including 2260 fetuses were included. The pooled incidence of CHD in fetuses with PAC was 2.8% (95%\u2009CI, 1.5\u20134.1%), when 0.6% is the incidence expected in the general population. The pooled incidence of CHD was 7.2% (95%\u2009CI, 3.5\u201310.9%) in the high\u2010risk population and 0.9% (95%\u2009CI, 0.0\u20132.0%) in the low\u2010risk population. SVT occurred in 1.4% (95%\u2009CI, 0.6\u20133.4%) of fetuses diagnosed with PAC. Cardiac failure was described in 16 fetuses (1.4% (95%\u2009CI, 0.5\u20133.5%)), of which eight were CHD\u2010related. Intrauterine fetal demise occurred in four fetuses (0.9% (95%\u2009CI, 0.5\u20131.7%)) and was related to CHD in two cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that the risk of CHD in fetuses with PAC is 4\u20135 times higher than that in the general population. CHD was present more frequently in the high\u2010risk population. Consequently, an advanced ultrasound examination to diagnose PAC correctly and exclude CHD is recommended. Complications of PAC are rare but can result in fetal demise, thus weekly fetal heart\u2010rate monitoring remains advisable to enable early detection of SVT and to prevent cardiac failure. \u00a9 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.26017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T15:13:48Z","timestamp":1656429228000},"page":"721-730","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Implications of fetal premature atrial contractions: systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2200-9607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B. B.","family":"Bet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction and Development  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1822-2686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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A.","family":"Clur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction and Development  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4432-3691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Pajkrt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction and Development  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.55.7.506"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.069369"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-9813(00)00031-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-197908000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437597.44550.5d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0b013e3182947b0e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1977.tb12631.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(83)80042-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1064"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000262243"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"HajeniusPJ.Foetale Hartritmestoornissen.https:\/\/amsterdamumc.iprova.nl\/portal\/#\/document\/982e779b\u20104131\u201049c6\u2010aa05\u2010fb0724c8e757. 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