{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:21:58Z","timestamp":1789730518207,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003123","name":"Fetal Medicine Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant\/Award Number: 1037116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant\/Award Number: 1037116"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003123","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the relationship between the English index of multiple deprivation (IMD) and the incidence of pre\u2010eclampsia (PE), evaluate the distribution of IMD in a cohort of ethnically diverse pregnant women in South East England and assess whether IMD improves the prediction of PE compared with that provided by the \u2018history\u2010only\u2019 competing\u2010risks model (based on maternal characteristics and medical history).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a prospective, observational study of 159\u2009125 women with a singleton pregnancy who attended their first routine hospital visit at 11\u2009+\u20090 to 13\u2009+\u20096\u2009weeks' gestation in two maternity hospitals in the UK. The inclusion criteria were delivery at \u2265\u200924\u2009weeks' gestation of babies without major abnormality. Participants completed a questionnaire on demographic characteristics and obstetric and medical history, which was then reviewed by a doctor together with the woman. Patients were asked to self\u2010identify as white, black, South Asian, East Asian or mixed race. IMD was used as a measure of socioeconomic status, which takes into account income, employment, education, skills and training, health and disability, crime, barriers to housing and services, and living environment. Each neighborhood is ranked according to their level of deprivation relative to that of other areas into one of five equal groups, with Quintile\u20091 containing the 20% most deprived areas and Quintile\u20095 containing the 20% least deprived areas. IMD was assigned based on a woman's postcode. Risk factors for PE and its incidence were assessed across IMD using chi\u2010square test or <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test, as appropriate. The relationship between IMD and gestational age at delivery with PE was evaluated by fitting parametric survival models for IMD alone, IMD combined with race and IMD combined with the Fetal Medicine Foundation history\u2010only competing\u2010risks model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of PE (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094088, 2.6%) increased progressively across IMD quintiles, from 2.0% in Quintile\u20095 (least deprived) to 3.0% in Quintile\u20091 (most deprived). Compared with white women and those in other racial groups, black women had a higher incidence of PE (4.8%), were less often in IMD Quintiles\u20094 and 5, and were more often in IMD Quintiles\u20091 and 2. None of the IMD quintiles improved the prediction of PE compared with that provided by the history\u2010only competing\u2010risks model (which includes race). The history\u2010only competing\u2010risks model with <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> without IMD had a similar detection rate for delivery with PE at &lt;\u200937\u2009weeks' gestation (44.1% (95%\u2009CI, 41.1\u201347.2%) <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 43.9% (95%\u2009CI, 40.1\u201347.0%)) and at any gestational age (35.2% (95%\u2009CI, 33.8\u201336.7%) <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 35.1% (95%\u2009CI, 33.7\u201336.6%)), at a 10% screen\u2010positive rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of PE is higher in women living in the most deprived areas in South East England and in black women (<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> those of other racial groups), who also live in areas of higher deprivation. However, in screening for PE, inclusion of IMD does not improve the prediction of PE provided by race and other maternal characteristics and elements of medical history. \u00a9 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.26084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T16:28:55Z","timestamp":1664555335000},"page":"26-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Incidence of pre\u2010eclampsia: effect of deprivation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0151-1932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Arechvo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Research Institute, King's College Hospital  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Research University of Exeter  Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5856-6072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Syngelaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Research Institute, King's College Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"von Dadelszen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1355-610X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. A.","family":"Magee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7265-5442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Akolekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit Medway Maritime Hospital  Gillingham UK"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences Canterbury Christ Church University  Chatham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. H.","family":"Nicolaides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Research Institute, King's College Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2109523"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17240"},{"issue":"62","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Competing\u2010risks model in screening for preeclampsia by maternal characteristics and medical history","volume":"213","author":"Wright D","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3282fcc36e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.11.1247"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1975.tb00710.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1994.04010034.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.068577"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19074080"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-019-00619-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11113\u2010013\u20109299\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/ijhpm.2017.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2018.1493433"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17296"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.Hypertension in Pregnancy: diagnosis and management (NG 133).2019.www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng133."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12802"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","article-title":"PlGF\u2010based testing to help diagnose suspected pre\u2010eclampsia (Triage PlGF test, Elecsys immunoassay sFlt\u20101\/PlGF ratio, DELFIA Xpress PlGF 1\u20102\u20103 test, and BRAHMS sFlt\u20101 Kryptor\/BRAHMS PlGF plus Kryptor PE ratio)","author":"NICE","journal-title":"Diagnostics guidance (DG23)"},{"issue":"58","key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"The sFlt\u20101\/PlGF ratio in different types of hypertensive pregnancy disorders and its prognostic potential in preeclamptic patients","volume":"206","author":"Verlohren S","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003215"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1414838"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/uog.26084","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/uog.26084","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/uog.26084","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T02:28:15Z","timestamp":1692239295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/uog.26084"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/uog.26084"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.26084","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-7692","1469-0705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-7692","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}