{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:18:45Z","timestamp":1791562725727,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To provide gestational\u2010age (GA)\u2010specific reference ranges for mean uterine artery (UtA) pulsatility index (PI) based on longitudinal data assessment throughout pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study of singleton low\u2010risk pregnancies with adequate health and nutritional status at the time of enrolment and without fetal anomaly, receiving prenatal care between January 2018 and July 2021 at the Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit of IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. Women were recruited at \u2264\u200912\u2009+\u20096\u2009weeks' gestation and underwent serial standardized ultrasound monitoring, including UtA\u2010PI measurement, by experienced certified operators until delivery. Association of UtA\u2010PI with GA was modeled with fractional polynomial regression. Equations for mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD of the estimated curves were calculated, as well as GA\u2010specific reference charts of centiles for UtA\u2010PI from 10\u2009+\u20090 to 39\u2009+\u20090\u2009gestational weeks.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n We included 476 healthy, low\u2010risk pregnant women and a total of 2045 ultrasound scans (median, 4 (range, 3\u20139) per patient) were available for analysis. Mean UtA\u2010PI was 1.84\u2009\u00b1\u20090.55, 1.07\u2009\u00b1\u20090.38 and 0.78\u2009\u00b1\u20090.23 in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively. Goodness\u2010of\u2010fit assessment revealed that second\u2010degree smoothing was the most accurate fractional polynomial for describing the course of UtA\u2010PI throughout gestation; therefore, it was modeled in a multilevel framework for the construction of UtA\u2010PI curves. We observed a rapid and substantial decrease in mean UtA\u2010PI before 16\u2009weeks, with subsequent smoother decrement of the slope and more stable values from 20 until 39\u2009weeks. The 3\n rd<\/jats:sup>\n , 5\n th<\/jats:sup>\n , 10\n th<\/jats:sup>\n , 25\n th<\/jats:sup>\n , 50\n th<\/jats:sup>\n , 75\n th<\/jats:sup>\n , 90\n th<\/jats:sup>\n , 95\n th<\/jats:sup>\n and 97\n th<\/jats:sup>\n centiles according to GA for UtA\u2010PI are provided, as well as equations to allow calculation of any value as a centile.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n UtA\u2010PI shows a progressive non\u2010linear decrease throughout pregnancy. The new reference ranges for GA\u2010specific mean UtA\u2010PI constructed using rigorous methodology may have a better performance compared with previous models for screening for placenta\u2010associated diseases in the early stages of pregnancy and for evaluating the potential risk for pregnancy\u2010induced hypertension and\/or small\u2010for\u2010gestational age later in pregnancy. \u00a9 2022 The Authors.\n Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology<\/jats:italic>\n published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.26092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]],"date-time":"2022-10-07T17:14:35Z","timestamp":1665162875000},"page":"474-480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Reference ranges of uterine artery pulsatility index from first to third trimester based on serial Doppler measurements: longitudinal cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8097-366X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. I.","family":"Cavoretto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3239-3799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Salmeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Candiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6862-1810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Farina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero \u2010 Universitaria di Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.19039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12802"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.19112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61490-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60932-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.11.564"},{"issue":"602","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"International gestational age\u2010specific centiles for umbilical artery Doppler indices: a longitudinal prospective cohort study of the INTERGROWTH\u201021st Project","volume":"222","author":"Drukker L","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15819"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14898"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.13448"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12366"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12371"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23698"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780100502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03014467400000041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-2467"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2004.1311138"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-985X.00091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5315"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2986270"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","article-title":"XRIML: Stata module for estimation of reference intervals ('normal ranges') by maximum likelihood. 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