{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:55:20Z","timestamp":1786978520125,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,11]],"date-time":"2023-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Birth weight, fetal growth and placental function influence cognitive development. The gradient of these associations is understudied, especially among those with a birth weight considered appropriate\u2010for\u2010gestational age. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between birth\u2010weight centile and intellectual development in term\/near\u2010term infants across the entire birth\u2010weight spectrum, in order to provide a basis for better understanding of the long\u2010term implications of fetal growth restriction and reduced placental function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a population\u2010based cohort study of 266\u2009440 liveborn singletons from uncomplicated pregnancies, delivered between 36 and 42\u2009weeks of gestation. Perinatal data were obtained from the Dutch Perinatal Registry over the period 2003\u20132008 and educational data for children aged approximately 12\u2009years were obtained from Statistics Netherlands over the period 2016\u20132019. Regression analyses were conducted to assess the association of birth\u2010weight centile with school performance. The primary outcomes were mean school performance score, on a scale of 501\u2013550, and proportion of children who reached higher secondary school level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean school performance score increased gradually with increasing birth\u2010weight centile, from 533.6 in the 1\n                      <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u20135\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      birth\u2010weight\u2010centile group to 536.8 in the 81\n                      <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u201385\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      birth\u2010weight\u2010centile group. Likewise, the proportion of children at higher secondary school level increased with birth\u2010weight centile, from 43% to 57%. Compared with the 81\n                      <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u201385\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      birth\u2010weight\u2010centile group, mean school performance score and proportion of children at higher secondary school level were significantly lower in all birth\u2010weight\u2010centile groups below the 80\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      centile, after adjusting for confounding factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Birth\u2010weight centile is associated positively with school performance at 12\u2009years of age across the entire birth\u2010weight spectrum, well beyond the conventional and arbitrary cut\u2010offs for suspected fetal growth restriction. This underlines the importance of developing better tools to diagnose fetal growth restriction and reduced placental function, and to identify those at risk for associated short\u2010 and long\u2010term consequences. \u00a9 2023 The Authors.\n                      <jats:italic>Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.26160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T01:28:21Z","timestamp":1673918901000},"page":"458-465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Birth\u2010weight centile at term and school performance at 12 years of age: linked cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3842-7400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. J.","family":"Burger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3915-8609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. J.","family":"Gordijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8337-550X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B. W.","family":"Mol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Aberdeen Centre for Women's Health Research, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen, King's College  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7243-2115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W.","family":"Ganzevoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3447-8286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. C. J.","family":"Ravelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12517"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2003.00541.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.04.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"324","article-title":"Gestational age at birth and academic performance: population\u2010based cohort study","volume":"46","author":"Abel K","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000477905"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.5.625"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2157"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.0238"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15884"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.19110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2021.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.24795"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.095406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10803"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134780"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enab008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-016-2740-8"},{"issue":"383","key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"From population reference to national standard: new and improved birthweight charts","volume":"220","author":"Hoftiezer L","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.11.574"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Education Culture and Science.Development of the number of children in primary education [in Dutch]2020[21\u201006\u20102021]. 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