{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T23:36:55Z","timestamp":1790897815070,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obesity and pre\u2010eclampsia (PE) are both associated with vascular dysfunction, which translates into an increased risk for cardiovascular disease in later life. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an interaction between body mass index (BMI) and a history of PE in their effects on vascular health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was an observational case\u2013control study of 30 women with a history of PE who were compared with 31 age\u2010 and BMI\u2010matched controls who had an uncomplicated pregnancy. Flow\u2010mediated dilation (FMD), carotid intima\u2013media thickness (cIMT) and carotid distensibility (CD) were measured 6\u201312 months postpartum. To evaluate the impact of physical fitness, maximum oxygen uptake capacity was assessed using a standardized maximum exhaustion cycling test using breath\u2010by\u2010breath analysis. To specify further BMI subgroups, metabolic syndrome constituents were assessed in all individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Formerly pre\u2010eclamptic women had significantly lower FMD (5.1\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 9.4\u2009\u00b1\u20093.4%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), higher cIMT (0.59\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 0.49\u2009\u00b1\u20090.07\u2009<jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>m; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and lower CD (1.54\u2009\u00b1\u20090.37%\/10\u2009mmHg <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 1.80\u2009\u00b1\u20090.39%\/10\u2009mmHg; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) compared with controls. In our study, population BMI correlated negatively with FMD (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04) but not with cIMT or CD. BMI and PE did not exhibit an interaction effect on these vascular parameters. Physical fitness was lower in women with a history of PE and in women with higher BMI. Constituents of the metabolic syndrome, including insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA\u2010ir), triglyceride, microalbuminuria and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, were significantly higher in formerly pre\u2010eclamptic women. BMI affected glucose metabolism but not lipids or blood pressure. BMI and PE positively interacted in their effect on insulin (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04) and HOMA\u2010ir (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both BMI and a history of PE have negative effects on endothelial function, insulin resistance and physical fitness. In formerly pre\u2010eclamptic women, the effect of BMI on insulin resistance was particularly high, suggesting a synergistic effect. Additionally, independently of BMI, a history of PE was associated with reduced FMD and CD and increased cIMT and blood pressure. Recognizing the cardiovascular risk profile is important for informing patients and encouraging targeted lifestyle modifications. \u00a9 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.26182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T20:09:56Z","timestamp":1676923796000},"page":"122-129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of body mass index on markers of vascular health in normotensive women with history of pre\u2010eclampsia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1653-0885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. H.","family":"Heidema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Fetal Medicine Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen\/Amalia Children's Hospital  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Van Drongelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Fetal Medicine Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen\/Amalia Children's Hospital  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. E. A.","family":"Spaanderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Fetal Medicine Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen\/Amalia Children's Hospital  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7681-5703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. R.","family":"Scholten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Fetal Medicine Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen\/Amalia Children's Hospital  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2011.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.12.1607"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.EDE.0000059921.71494.D1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.116.003497"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.385301.BE"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S17801"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2017.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2014.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-010-9616-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10641960902890176"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JIM.0000000000000189"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2014.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.105342"},{"issue":"516","key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of aerobic exercise training in formerly preeclamptic women and healthy parous control subjects","volume":"211","author":"Scholten RR","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00471.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17367"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06554"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12409"},{"issue":"558","key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Patterns of maternal vascular remodelling and responsiveness in early\u2010 versus late\u2010onset preeclampsia","volume":"209","author":"Stergiotou I","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.09.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167297"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0321-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2016.62"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181c14e3e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16545"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/uog.26182","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/uog.26182","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T19:36:46Z","timestamp":1747942606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/uog.26182"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/uog.26182"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.26182","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-7692","1469-0705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-7692","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}