{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T19:02:15Z","timestamp":1757703735184},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]],"date-time":"2005-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether Down syndrome can be detected by combining measurements of fetal nasal bone (NB) length, prenasal thickness (PT) and digits 2 and 3 of the hand.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred and fifty\u2010four normal and 25 Down\u2010syndrome fetuses were scanned between 15 and 33 weeks' gestation. Physicians performing the scans were not blinded to the fetal karyotype. Both PT and NB were measured in a mid\u2010sagittal plane. For PT measurement calipers were placed between the frontonasal angle and the outer skin edge. Digits 2 and 3 of one hand were also measured. The results (except for PT\/NB ratio) were expressed in multiples of the normal gestation\u2010specific median (MoM). A logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds of the fetus having Down syndrome given different combinations of NB, PT, PT\/NB ratio, and digits 2 and 3 measurements. The odds were used to calculate the risk of Down syndrome for each pregnant woman from her age and measurements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median PT MoM for unaffected fetuses and Down\u2010syndrome fetuses was 1.12 vs. 1.35 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). The median NB MoM for unaffected and Down\u2010syndrome fetuses was 1.03 vs. 0.81 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and the PT\/NB ratio MoM for unaffected and Down\u2010syndrome fetuses was 0.63 vs. 0.96 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). The respective median MoM values for digits 2 and 3 of the Down\u2010syndrome fetuses were significantly smaller (0.81 vs. 0.93 and 0.89 vs. 0.95, respectively, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003). Only the PT\/NB ratio and digit 2 were finally included in the logistic regression equation. Using a 1 in 200 risk cut\u2010off, the observed sensitivity and false\u2010positive rate were 76% and 6.7%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Combining the PT\/NB ratio and digit 2 measurements yielded a promising screening detection rate. Confirmation of our findings in a prospective study is needed before the method can be used clinically. Copyright \u00a9 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]],"date-time":"2005-11-22T09:49:34Z","timestamp":1132652974000},"page":"290-295","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A model for second\u2010trimester Down syndrome sonographic screening based on facial landmarks and digit length measurement"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Maymon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Ushakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Waisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Cuckle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Tovbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"259","article-title":"Observations on an ethnic classification of idiots. 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