{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T08:52:49Z","timestamp":1782982369873,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003123","name":"Fetal Medicine Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003123","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess differences in cardiac morphology and function at midgestation in fetuses conceived by <jats:italic>in\u2010vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization (IVF), using fresh or frozen embryo transfer, compared with those conceived naturally.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a prospective study of 5801 women with a singleton pregnancy attending for a routine ultrasound examination at 19\u2009+\u20090 to 23\u2009+\u20096\u2009weeks' gestation, including 343 that conceived by IVF. Conventional and more advanced echocardiographic modalities, including speckle\u2010tracking analysis, were used to assess fetal cardiac function in the right and left ventricles. The morphology of the fetal heart was assessed by calculating the right and left sphericity index. Placental perfusion and function were assessed by measurement of uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA\u2010PI) and serum placental growth factor (PlGF), respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fetuses that were conceived by IVF, compared with those conceived spontaneously, had significantly lower right and left ventricular sphericity index, higher left ventricular global longitudinal strain and lower left ventricular ejection fraction. There were no significant differences in any of the cardiac indices within the IVF group between the fresh and frozen embryo transfers. In the IVF group, compared with spontaneously conceived pregnancies, UtA\u2010PI was lower and PlGF was higher, suggesting better placental perfusion and function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study demonstrates that, in IVF pregnancies, compared with those conceived spontaneously, there is evidence of fetal cardiac remodeling at midgestation, which is not related to the use of fresh or frozen embryo transfer. In the IVF group, compared with naturally conceived pregnancies, fetal heart was globular and left ventricular systolic function was mildly reduced. Whether these cardiac changes are accentuated later in pregnancy and remain in the postnatal period remains to be established. \u00a9 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.26207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T09:12:14Z","timestamp":1679908334000},"page":"587-592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Fetal cardiac function at midgestation and conception by <i>in\u2010vitro<\/i> fertilization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Huluta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine King's College Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Research University of Exeter  Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. M.","family":"Cosma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine King's College Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Dimopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine King's College Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. 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