{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T17:09:26Z","timestamp":1792084166414,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007397","name":"Univerzita Karlova v Praze","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UNCE 204065 and COOPERATIO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNCE 204065 and COOPERATIO"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007397","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003243","name":"Ministerstvo Zdravotnictv\u00ed Cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH CZ\u2010DRO\u2010VFN641165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH CZ\u2010DRO\u2010VFN641165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003243","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003243","name":"Ministerstvo Zdravotnictv\u00ed Cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NV19\u201003\u201000552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NV19\u201003\u201000552"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003243","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the clinical and sonographic characteristics of benign, retroperitoneal, pelvic peripheral\u2010nerve\u2010sheath tumors (PNSTs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective study of patients with a benign, retroperitoneal, pelvic PNST who had undergone preoperative ultrasound examination at a single gynecologic oncology center between 1 January 2018 and 31 August 2022. All ultrasound images, videoclips and final histological specimens of benign PNSTs were reviewed side\u2010by\u2010side in order to: describe the ultrasound appearance of the tumors, using the terminology of the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA), Morphological Uterus Sonographic Assessment (MUSA) and Vulvar International Tumor Analysis (VITA) groups, following a predefined ultrasound assessment form; describe their origin in relation to nerves and pelvic anatomy; and assess the association between their ultrasound features and histotopography. A review of the literature reporting benign, retroperitoneal, pelvic PNSTs with preoperative ultrasound examination was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five women (mean age, 53\u2009years) with a benign, retroperitoneal, pelvic PNST were identified, four with a schwannoma and one with a neurofibroma, of which all were sporadic and solitary. All patients had good\u2010quality ultrasound images and videoclips and final biopsy of surgically excised tumors, except one patient managed conservatively who had only a core needle biopsy. In all cases, the findings were incidental. The five PNSTs ranged in maximum diameter from 31 to 50\u2009mm. All five PNSTs were solid, moderately vascular tumors, with non\u2010uniform echogenicity, well\u2010circumscribed by hyperechogenic epineurium and with no acoustic shadowing. Most of the masses were round (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094 (80%)), and contained small, irregular, anechoic, cystic areas (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093 (60%)) and hyperechogenic foci (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095 (100%)). In the woman with a schwannoma in whom surgery was not performed, follow\u2010up over a 3\u2010year period showed minimal growth (1.5\u2009mm\/year) of the mass. We also summarize the findings of 47 cases of benign retroperitoneal schwannoma and neurofibroma identified in a literature search.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>On ultrasound examination, no imaging characteristics differentiate reliably between benign schwannomas and neurofibromas. Moreover, benign PNSTs show some similar features to malignant retroperitoneal tumors. They are solid lesions with intralesional blood vessels and show degenerative changes such as cystic areas and hyperechogenic foci. Therefore, ultrasound\u2010guided biopsy may play a pivotal role in their diagnosis. If confirmed to be benign PNSTs, these tumors can be managed conservatively, with ultrasound surveillance. \u00a9 2023 The Authors. <jats:italic>Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology<\/jats:italic> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.26223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T16:24:53Z","timestamp":1681489493000},"page":"727-738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Imaging in gynecological disease (26): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of benign retroperitoneal pelvic peripheral\u2010nerve\u2010sheath tumors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7224-3218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Fischerova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecologic Oncology Center, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Women's Health, The Medical City  Pasig City Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1821-6523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Monash University and Monash Health  Clayton Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Yulzari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sheba Medical Center  Ramat Gan Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. J.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8940-6124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Dundr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9975-2338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Burgetova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague  Prague Czech 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