{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:27:43Z","timestamp":1787239663713,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To provide quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) super\u2010resolution\u2010based three\u2010dimensional volumetric reference data on the growth dynamics of the ganglionic eminence (GE) relative to cortical and total fetal brain volumes (TBV).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective study of fetuses without structural central nervous system anomalies or other confounding comorbidities that were referred for fetal MRI. Super\u2010resolution reconstructions of 1.5\u2010 and 3\u2010Tesla T2\u2010weighted images were generated. Semiautomatic segmentation of TBV and cortical volume and manual segmentation of the GE were performed. Cortical volume, TBV and GE volume were quantified and three\u2010dimensional reconstructions were generated to visualize the developmental dynamics of the GE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 120 fetuses that underwent 127 MRI scans at a mean gestational age of 27.23\u2009\u00b1\u20094.81\u2009weeks (range, 20\u201337\u2009weeks) were included. In the investigated gestational\u2010age range, GE volume ranged from 74.88 to 808.75\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      and was at its maximum at 21 gestational weeks, followed by a linear decrease (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.559) throughout the late second and third trimesters. A pronounced reduction in GE volume relative to cortical volume and TBV occurred in the late second trimester, with a decline in this reduction observed in the third trimester (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.936 and 0.924, respectively). Three\u2010dimensional rendering allowed visualization of a continuous change in the shape and size of the GE throughout the second and third trimesters.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Even small compartments of the fetal brain, which are not easily accessible by standardized two\u2010dimensional modalities, can be assessed precisely by super\u2010resolution processed fetal MRI. The inverse growth dynamics of GE volume compared with TBV and cortical volume reflects the transitory nature and physiological involution of this (patho\u2010)physiologically important brain structure. The normal development and involution of the GE is mandatory for normal cortical development. Pathological changes of this transient organ precede impairment of cortical structures, and their detection may allow an earlier diagnosis of such anomalies. \u00a9 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.26232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T13:30:57Z","timestamp":1682515857000},"page":"405-413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Ganglionic eminence: volumetric assessment of transient brain structure utilizing fetal magnetic resonance imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9763-9422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Stuempflen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image\u2010guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Taymourtash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image\u2010guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Kienast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image\u2010guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. U.","family":"Schmidbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image\u2010guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image\u2010guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Mitter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image\u2010guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5725-9270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Binder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Feto\u2010maternal Medicine Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Prayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image\u2010guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3858-3347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Kasprian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image\u2010guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Collaborators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-010-9148-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12983"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn971"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.19.3759"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2012.00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003875"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2018.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-015-1622-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2769-08.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26160"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17412"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.26129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00525-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"4024","article-title":"The prenatal morphomechanic impact of agenesis of the corpus callosum on human brain structure and asymmetry","volume":"31","author":"Schwartz E","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2007.906087"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46475-6_25"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116324"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2252"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203507483"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","volume-title":"The Human Brain during the Third Trimester","author":"Bayer SA","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/174_2010_119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.211222"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5337.474"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3508"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-817986-4.00023-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.10104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1093526619876448"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12962-4"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; 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