{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T20:50:05Z","timestamp":1785876605470,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]],"date-time":"2023-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA237664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA237664"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the impact of photoacoustic imaging (PAI) on the assessment of ovarian\/adnexal lesion(s) of different risk categories using the sonographic ovarian\u2010adnexal imaging\u2010reporting\u2010data system (O\u2010RADS) in women undergoing planned oophorectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This prospective study enrolled women with ovarian\/adnexal lesion(s) suggestive of malignancy referred for oophorectomy. Participants underwent clinical ultrasound (US) examination followed by coregistered US and PAI prior to oophorectomy. Each ovarian\/adnexal lesion was graded by two radiologists using the US O\u2010RADS scale. PAI was used to compute relative total hemoglobin concentration (rHbT) and blood oxygenation saturation (%sO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) colormaps in the region of interest. Lesions were categorized by histopathology into malignant ovarian\/adnexal lesion, malignant Fallopian tube only and several benign categories, in order to assess the impact of incorporating PAI in the assessment of risk of malignancy with O\u2010RADS. Malignant and benign histologic groups were compared with respect to rHbT and %sO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and logistic regression models were developed based on tumor marker CA125 alone, US\u2010based O\u2010RADS alone, PAI\u2010based rHbT with %sO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and the combination of CA125, O\u2010RADS, rHbT and %sO\n                      <jats:sub>2.<\/jats:sub>\n                      Areas under the receiver\u2010operating\u2010characteristics curve (AUC) were used to compare the diagnostic performance of the models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were 93 lesions identified on imaging among 68 women (mean age, 52 (range, 21\u201379)\u2009years). Surgical pathology revealed 14 patients with malignant ovarian\/adnexal lesion, two with malignant Fallopian tube only and 52 with benign findings. rHbT was significantly higher in malignant compared with benign lesions. %sO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      was lower in malignant lesions, but the difference was not statistically significant for all benign categories. Feature analysis revealed that rHbT, CA125, O\u2010RADS and %sO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      were the most important predictors of malignancy. Logistic regression models revealed an AUC of 0.789 (95%\u2009CI, 0.626\u20130.953) for CA125 alone, AUC of 0.857 (95%\u2009CI, 0.733\u20130.981) for O\u2010RADS only, AUC of 0.883 (95%\u2009CI, 0.760\u20131) for CA125 and O\u2010RADS and an AUC of 0.900 (95%\u2009CI, 0.815\u20130.985) for rHbT and %sO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      in the prediction of malignancy. A model utilizing all four predictors (CA125, O\u2010RADS, rHbT and %sO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) achieved superior performance, with an AUC of 0.970 (95%\u2009CI, 0.932\u20131), sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 82%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Incorporating the additional information provided by PAI\u2010derived rHbT and %sO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      improves significantly the performance of US\u2010based O\u2010RADS in the diagnosis of adnexal lesions. \u00a9 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.27452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T07:53:34Z","timestamp":1692690814000},"page":"891-903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Characterization of adnexal lesions using photoacoustic imaging to improve sonographic\n                    <scp>O\u2010RADS<\/scp>\n                    risk assessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1837-2588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Q.","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington University  St Louis MO USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine  St Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington University  St Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. 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