{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T03:04:51Z","timestamp":1788059091470,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To derive reference distributions of estimated fetal weight (EFW) in twins relative to singletons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gestational\u2010age\u2010 and chorionicity\u2010specific reference distributions for singleton percentiles and EFW were fitted to data on 4391 twin pregnancies with two liveborn fetuses from four European centers, including 3323 dichorionic (DC) and 1068 monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies. Gestational age was derived using the larger of the two crown\u2013rump length measurements obtained during the first trimester of pregnancy. EFW was obtained from ultrasound measurements of head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur length using the Hadlock formula. Singleton percentiles were obtained using the Fetal Medicine Foundation population weight charts for singleton pregnancies. Hierarchical models were fitted to singleton\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010scores with autoregressive terms for serial correlations within the same fetus and between twins from the same pregnancy. Separate models were fitted for DC and MCDA twins.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fetuses from twin pregnancies tended to be smaller than singletons at the earliest gestational ages (16\u2009weeks for MCDA and 20\u2009weeks for DC twins). This was followed by a period of catch\u2010up growth until around 24\u2009weeks. After that, both DC and MCDA twins showed reduced growth. In DC twins, the EFW corresponding to the 50\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentile was at the 50\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentile of singleton pregnancies at 23\u2009weeks, the 43\n                      <jats:sup>rd<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentile at 28\u2009weeks, the 32\n                      <jats:sup>nd<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentile at 32\u2009weeks and the 22\n                      <jats:sup>nd<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentile at 36\u2009weeks. In MCDA twins, the EFW corresponding to the 50\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentile was at the 36\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentile of singleton pregnancies at 24\u2009weeks, the 29\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentile at 28\u2009weeks, the 19\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentile at 32\u2009weeks and the 12\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentile at 36\u2009weeks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In DC and, to a greater extent, MCDA twin pregnancies, fetal growth is reduced compared with that observed in singleton pregnancies. Furthermore, after 24\u2009weeks, the divergence in growth trajectories between twin and singleton pregnancies becomes more pronounced as gestational age increases. \u00a9 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.27514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T06:04:26Z","timestamp":1697436266000},"page":"181-188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Fetal Medicine Foundation charts for fetal growth in twins"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences University of Exeter  Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4800-3190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences University of Exeter  Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Chaveeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit Shterev Hospital  Sofia Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. S.","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit Hospital Universitario San Cecilio  Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7265-5442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Akolekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit Medway Maritime Hospital  Gillingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5856-6072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Syngelaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine King's College Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O. B.","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy and Ultrasound, Department of Obstetrics Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4633-4738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. E.","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy and Ultrasound, Department of Obstetrics Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. H.","family":"Nicolaides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine King's College Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1997.tb10948.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17470"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.21892"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Twin and Triplet Pregnancy","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.19073"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(85)90298-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"R Core Team.R: A language and environment for statistical computing.https:\/\/www.R\u2010project.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"GenzA BretzF MiwaT MiX LeischF ScheiplF HothornT.mvtnorm: Multivariate Normal and t Distributions.https:\/\/CRAN.R\u2010project.org\/package=mvtnorm."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008929526011"},{"issue":"224","key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"e221","article-title":"An ultrasound\u2010based fetal weight reference for twins","volume":"213","author":"Shivkumar S","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4318"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.104923"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000447489"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.16.02049"},{"issue":"221","key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"e221","article-title":"Dichorionic twin trajectories: the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies","volume":"215","author":"Grantz KL","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1555705"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10396-018-0921-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2019-0207"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.19066"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/uog.27514","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T08:30:52Z","timestamp":1763454652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/uog.27514"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/uog.27514"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.27514","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-7692","1469-0705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-7692","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}