{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T23:45:33Z","timestamp":1790034333591,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the relationship of umbilical vein flow (UVF) measured close to term with abnormal fetal growth and adverse perinatal outcome in a cohort of pregnancies at low risk of placental insufficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a prospective multicenter observational study conducted across two tertiary maternity units. Patients with a singleton appropriate\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age fetus between 35 and 38\u2009weeks' gestation were included. Pregnancies at higher risk of placental insufficiency or with fetal anomalies were excluded. At ultrasound examination, the abdominal circumference (AC), umbilical vein diameter and peak velocity of the umbilical vein were measured, and, using these variables, a new variable, UVF\/AC, was calculated. The primary outcome was the occurrence of severely stunted fetal growth, defined as a greater than 40\u2010percentile drop between estimated fetal weight at the third\u2010trimester ultrasound and birth weight. The occurrence of adverse perinatal outcome (defined as one of the following: neonatal acidosis (umbilical artery pH &lt;\u20097.15 and\/or base excess &gt;\u200912\u2009mmol\/L) at birth, 5\u2010min Apgar score &lt;\u20097, neonatal resuscitation or neonatal intensive care unit admission) was analyzed as a secondary outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Between April 2021 and March 2023, 365 women were included in the study. The mean UVF\/AC at enrolment was 6.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6\u2009mL\/min\/cm, and 35 (9.6%) cases were affected by severely stunted fetal growth. Severely stunted fetal growth was associated with a lower mean UVF\/AC (5.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      6.5\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6\u2009mL\/min\/cm;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02) and a higher frequency of UVF\/AC &lt;\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentile (8\/35 (22.9%)\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      28\/330 (8.5%);\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01). Moreover, UVF\/AC showed an area under the receiver\u2010operating\u2010characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.65 (95%\u2009CI, 0.55\u20130.75;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004) in predicting the occurrence of severely stunted fetal growth, and the optimal cut\u2010off value of UVF\/AC for discriminating between normal and severely stunted fetal growth was 7.2\u2009mL\/min\/cm. This value was associated with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.77 (95%\u2009CI, 0.60\u20130.90) and 0.33 (95%\u2009CI, 0.28\u20130.39), and positive and negative predictive values of 0.11 (95%\u2009CI, 0.07\u20130.15) and 0.93 (95%\u2009CI, 0.87\u20130.97), respectively. Regarding the occurrence of adverse perinatal outcome, this was associated independently with maternal age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 0.93 (95%\u2009CI, 0.87\u20130.99);\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04), UVF\/AC\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010score (aOR, 0.53 (95%\u2009CI, 0.30\u20130.87);\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01) and augmentation of labor (aOR, 2.69 (95%\u2009CI, 1.28\u20135.69);\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009). UVF\/AC showed an AUC of 0.65 (95%\u2009CI, 0.56\u20130.73;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005) in predicting the occurrence of adverse perinatal outcome, and the optimal cut\u2010off value of UVF\/AC for discriminating between normal and adverse perinatal outcome was 6.7\u2009mL\/min\/cm. This value was associated with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.70 (95%\u2009CI, 0.54\u20130.83) and 0.40 (95%\u2009CI, 0.34\u20130.45), and positive and negative predictive values of 0.14 (95%\u2009CI, 0.09\u20130.19) and 0.91 (95%\u2009CI, 0.85\u20130.95), respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our data demonstrate an association between reduced UVF close to term, severely stunted fetal growth and adverse perinatal outcome in a cohort of low\u2010risk pregnant women, with a moderate ability to rule out and a poor ability to rule in either outcome. Further studies are needed to establish whether the assessment of UVF can improve the identification of fetuses at risk of subclinical placental insufficiency and adverse perinatal outcome. \u00a9 2023 The Authors.\n                      <jats:italic>Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.27534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T15:08:31Z","timestamp":1699974511000},"page":"627-634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Association of umbilical vein flow with abnormal fetal growth and adverse perinatal outcome in low\u2010risk population: multicenter prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7706-3016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Ramirez Zegarra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit University of Parma  Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. F.","family":"Carbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Obstetrics, Department of Woman, Child and Neonate Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2908-8670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Angeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit University of Parma  Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Gigli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Obstetrics, Department of Woman, Child and Neonate Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9704-1738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Di Ilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit University of Parma  Parma Italy"},{"name":"Department Woman and Child Health and Public Health Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. 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