{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T03:55:40Z","timestamp":1790654140256,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      T2*\u2010weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences have been identified as non\u2010invasive tools with which to study placental oxygenation\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      . This study aimed to use these to investigate both static and dynamic responses to hyperoxia of the normal placenta across gestation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a single\u2010center prospective study including 52 uncomplicated pregnancies. Two T2*\u2010weighted sequences (T2* relaxometry) were performed, one before and one after maternal hyperoxia. The distribution of placental T2* values was modeled by fitting a gamma probability density function\n                      <jats:italic>(<\/jats:italic>\n                      T2*\n                      <jats:italic>)<\/jats:italic>\n                      , describing the structure of the histogram using the mean T2* value, the shape parameter (\u03b1) and the rate (\u03b2). A dynamic acquisition (blood\u2010oxygen\u2010level\u2010dependent\u2009(BOLD) MRI) was also performed before and during maternal oxygen supply, until placental oxygen saturation had been achieved. The signal change over time was modeled using a sigmoid function, to determine the intensity of enhancement (\u0394BOLD (% with respect to baseline)), a temporal variation coefficient (\u03bb (min\n                      <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), controlling the slope of the curve) and the maximum steepness (Vmax (%\u2009of placental enhancement\/min)).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The histogram analysis of the T2* values in normoxia showed a whole\u2010placenta variation, with a decreasing linear trend in the mean T2* value (Pearson's correlation coefficient (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      )\u2009=\u2009\u22120.83 (95%\u2009CI, \u22120.9 to \u22120.71),\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), along with an increasingly peaked and narrower distribution of T2* values with advancing gestation. After maternal hyperoxia, the mean T2* ratios (mean T2*\n                      <jats:sub>hyperoxia<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/mean T2*\n                      <jats:sub>baseline<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) were positively correlated with gestational age, while the other histogram parameters remained stable, suggesting a translation of the histogram towards higher values with a similar appearance after maternal hyperoxia. \u0394BOLD showed a non\u2010linear increase across gestation. Conversely, \u03bb showed an inverted trend across gestation, with a weaker correlation (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.33 (95%\u2009CI, \u22120.58 to \u22120.02),\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04,\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.1). As a combination of \u0394BOLD and \u03bb, the changes in Vmax throughout gestation were influenced mainly by the changes in \u0394BOLD and showed a positive non\u2010linear correlation with gestational age.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results suggest that the decrease in the T2* placental signal as gestation progresses does not reflect placental dysfunction. The BOLD dynamic signal change is representative of a free\u2010diffusion model of oxygenation and highlights the increasing differences in oxygen saturation between mother and fetus as gestation progresses (\u0394BOLD) and in the placental permeability to oxygen (\u03bb). \u00a9 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.27609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T04:28:25Z","timestamp":1707798505000},"page":"236-244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Static and dynamic responses to hyperoxia of normal placenta across gestation with\n                    <scp>T2<\/scp>\n                    *\u2010weighted\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    sequences"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8675-0846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Bartin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fetal Medicine, Surgery and Imaging H\u00f4pital Universitaire Necker\u2010Enfants Malades, AP\u2010HP  Paris France"},{"name":"Plateforme LUMIERE H\u00f4pital Universitaire Necker\u2010Enfants Malades, URP 7328 and PACT, affiliated to Imagine Institut, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Melbourne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London  London UK"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering &amp; Imaging Sciences Kings College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Bobet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plateforme LUMIERE H\u00f4pital Universitaire Necker\u2010Enfants Malades, URP 7328 and PACT, affiliated to Imagine Institut, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Gauchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plateforme LUMIERE H\u00f4pital Universitaire Necker\u2010Enfants Malades, URP 7328 and PACT, affiliated to Imagine Institut, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Menneglier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plateforme LUMIERE H\u00f4pital Universitaire Necker\u2010Enfants Malades, URP 7328 and PACT, affiliated to Imagine Institut, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Grevent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plateforme LUMIERE H\u00f4pital Universitaire Necker\u2010Enfants Malades, URP 7328 and PACT, affiliated to Imagine Institut, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine  Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Radiology H\u00f4pital Universitaire Necker\u2010Enfants Malades, AP\u2010HP  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Bussieres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fetal Medicine, Surgery and Imaging H\u00f4pital Universitaire Necker\u2010Enfants Malades, AP\u2010HP  Paris France"},{"name":"Plateforme LUMIERE H\u00f4pital Universitaire Necker\u2010Enfants Malades, URP 7328 and PACT, affiliated to Imagine Institut, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Siauve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology H\u00f4pital Louis Mourier, AP\u2010HP  Colombes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0627-4347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. 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