{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T22:12:19Z","timestamp":1781043139354,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]],"date-time":"2024-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003123","name":"Fetal Medicine Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003123","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP) are at increased risk of developing hypertension and cardiovascular disease later in life. However, from previous studies, it is difficult to define whether this association reflects pre\u2010existing maternal cardiovascular risk or  a potentially causal relationship between HDP and later cardiovascular risk. In this study, we performed detailed cardiovascular assessment in women in midgestation, prior to development of HDP, and at 2\u2009years postpartum, aiming to identify cardiovascular changes prior to development of HDP and to assess persistent cardiovascular alterations long after the HDP event.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a prospective observational study in which we performed detailed cardiovascular assessment in midgestation and at a median of 2.3 (interquartile range, 2.1\u20132.4)\u2009years postpartum. We examined 112 women who developed HDP and 451 women whose pregnancy was not complicated by hypertension. We used conventional and more advanced (i.e. speckle tracking) echocardiographic techniques to determine accurately left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. We used M\u2010mode measurements to determine left ventricular remodeling and estimate left ventricular mass. Maternal vascular status was assessed using ophthalmic artery Doppler and by calculating peak systolic velocity (PSV) ratio, as a marker of peripheral vascular resistance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In midgestation, women who subsequently developed HDP had increased ophthalmic artery PSV ratio. These women also had mild cardiac functional and morphological alterations, which were accounted for mostly by maternal cardiovascular risk factors. At 2\u2009years postpartum, women who had experienced HDP, compared to those who did not, had cardiovascular abnormalities with reduction in left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, which remained after multivariable analysis. Longitudinal analysis demonstrated that the evolution of cardiovascular changes in the HDP and non\u2010HDP groups was similar.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mild cardiac functional and morphological alterations precede the development of HDP and such changes persist for at least 2\u2009years postpartum. The cardiac changes are likely to be the consequence of pre\u2010existing maternal cardiovascular risk factors rather than an adverse consequence of HDP. \u00a9 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.27632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T19:43:45Z","timestamp":1709581425000},"page":"308-313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Long\u2010term cardiovascular assessment of women with previous pregnancy complicated by hypertensive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Dimopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, Fetal Medicine Research Institute King's College Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Neculcea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, Fetal Medicine Research Institute King's College Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7969-1435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.","family":"Papastefanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences &amp; Medicine King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Galan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, Fetal Medicine Research Institute King's College Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. H.","family":"Nicolaides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, Fetal Medicine Research Institute King's College Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Charakida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, Fetal Medicine Research Institute King's College Hospital  London UK"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j3078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.130765"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2018-313453"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.14643"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.10.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.24914"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.27442"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13122007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21573"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","article-title":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 202: gestational hypertension and preeclampsia","volume":"133","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2019.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.18730"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21248"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-021-02210-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.176537"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.03.019"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/uog.27632","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T13:25:50Z","timestamp":1743773150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/uog.27632"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/uog.27632"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.27632","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-7692","1469-0705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-7692","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}