{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T21:03:03Z","timestamp":1780347783035,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82070324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070324"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82370236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82370236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the clinical course of fetal isolated non\u2010immune\u2010mediated second\u2010degree atrioventricular block (AVB) and the factors associated with spontaneous recovery in these cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fetuses with isolated non\u2010immune\u2010mediated second\u2010degree AVB were recruited prospectively between 2014 and 2022. These fetuses were divided into two groups: those which recovered spontaneously and those which did not. Maternal and fetal characteristics and intrauterine and postnatal outcomes were compared between the two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study cohort included 20 fetuses with isolated non\u2010immune\u2010mediated second\u2010degree AVB, diagnosed at a median gestational age of 22.0 (range, 17.0\u201335.0)\u2009weeks. In 12 fetuses, 1:1 atrioventricular conduction was restored spontaneously <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic> and there was no recurrence during the postnatal follow\u2010up period. In the remaining eight fetuses, second\u2010degree AVB was maintained and, in six of these, the pregnancy was terminated on parental request. Of the two liveborn children who had persistent second\u2010degree AVB prenatally, one had progressed to complete AVB at the latest follow\u2010up, at the age of 34\u2009months, but was  asymptomatic, without heart enlargement or dysfunction. The other child progressed to complete AVB after delivery and was diagnosed with type\u20102 long QT syndrome. This infant died aged 2\u2009months. Fetuses in the group that recovered spontaneously had earlier gestational age at diagnosis (median, 20.0 (range, 17.0\u201326.0) <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 24.5 (range, 18.0\u201335.0)\u2009weeks; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004) and higher atrial rate at diagnosis (median, 147 (range, 130\u2013160) <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 138 (range,  125\u2013149)\u2009bpm; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006) in comparison with the group that did not recover spontaneously. The best cut\u2010off values for prediction of failure to recover spontaneously were 22.5\u2009weeks' gestational age at diagnosis and 144\u2009bpm atrial rate at diagnosis, with sensitivities of 87.5% and 75.0%, respectively, and specificities of 92.0% and 87.5%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The outcome of 60% of fetuses with isolated non\u2010immune\u2010mediated second\u2010degree AVB was favorable. Earlier gestational age and higher atrial rate at diagnosis were associated with spontaneous reversion to normal sinus rhythm. Prenatal genetic testing should be performed in cases with persistent AVB, to exclude heritable disorders including long QT syndrome. These findings provide important information for clinical management and prenatal counseling in these cases. \u00a9 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.27662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T16:19:21Z","timestamp":1713629961000},"page":"486-492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Isolated non\u2010immune\u2010mediated second\u2010degree atrioventricular block in the fetus: natural history and predictive factors for spontaneous recovery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan 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