{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T13:47:10Z","timestamp":1793108830501,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]],"date-time":"2025-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the safety and effectiveness of different methods, both ablative and non\u2010ablative, to treat hydrosalpinx in infertile patients before <jats:italic>in\u2010vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization embryo transfer (IVF\u2010ET) via a systematic review and network meta\u2010analysis (NMA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A structured literature search was conducted in common citation databases. Eligibility criteria included peer\u2010reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or cohort studies comparing the effectiveness and\/or safety of different hydrosalpinx treatments, including salpingectomy, laparoscopic proximal tubal occlusion (LTO), insertion of an intratubal device (ITD), ultrasound\u2010guided aspiration, sclerotherapy and expectant management. Primary outcomes were live birth, ongoing pregnancy and clinical pregnancy. Miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy and procedural complications were considered as secondary outcomes. The main NMA included only RCTs, while observational studies were included in a secondary aggregate NMA. Pooled effects were summarized as odds ratios (ORs) with 95%\u2009CI for direct and indirect comparisons, derived from random\u2010effects models. Imprecision of NMA estimates was assessed by comparison of their 95%\u2009CIs with predefined thresholds for effect size considered to represent clinical relevance (OR\u2009&lt;\u20090.9 or &gt;1.1). Heterogeneity for NMA findings was estimated using the variance of the distribution of the underlying treatment effects (\u03c4<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), expressed as a 95% prediction interval. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to predict relative treatment rankings for each outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The main analysis included nine RCTs, while an additional 17 observational studies were incorporated into the aggregate analysis. The NMA of RCTs revealed no significant differences in live birth rate between hydrosalpinx treatment methods, with LTO achieving the highest SUCRA value (0.9). Salpingectomy and ultrasound\u2010guided aspiration significantly increased the ongoing pregnancy rate compared with no treatment (OR, 4.35 (95%\u2009CI, 1.70\u201311.14) and 2.80 (95%\u2009CI, 1.03\u20137.58), respectively), with salpingectomy having the highest SUCRA value (0.9). Clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher following salpingectomy (OR, 2.24 (95%\u2009CI, 1.30\u20133.86)) and LTO (OR, 2.55 (95%\u2009CI, 1.20\u20135.51)) compared with no treatment, despite some heterogeneity; LTO had the highest SUCRA value (0.8). NMA showed no significant differences in secondary outcomes between treatments. Aggregate NMA indicated that sclerotherapy significantly increased the live birth rate compared with no treatment. Higher ongoing pregnancy rate was observed in patients treated with salpingectomy, ultrasound\u2010guided aspiration and LTO compared to untreated patients, with salpingectomy having the highest SUCRA value (0.9). Except for ITD insertion, all interventions increased the clinical pregnancy rate compared with no treatment. LTO had a greater effect on clinical pregnancy rate compared to ultrasound\u2010guided aspiration, with no significant differences in other pairwise comparisons. NMA ranked LTO as the most effective treatment for increasing the clinical pregnancy rate and reducing the miscarriage rate, while sclerotherapy was deemed safer with regard to the ovarian response to IVF stimulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This NMA fails to support the effectiveness of any hydrosalpinx treatment to improve the live birth rate following IVF\u2010ET, although the beneficial effect of salpingectomy and ultrasound\u2010guided aspiration on ongoing pregnancy rate and of salpingectomy and LTO on clinical pregnancy rate reinforces current recommendations. Based on the aggregated analysis, sclerotherapy could be an effective alternative to conventional laparoscopic techniques, with a favorable safety profile. \u00a9 2024 The Author(s). <jats:italic>Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology<\/jats:italic> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.27697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T04:49:11Z","timestamp":1716180551000},"page":"414-426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Hydrosalpinx treatment before <i>in\u2010vitro<\/i> fertilization: systematic review and network meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Mil\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n Institute for Health Research  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Universidad Complutense  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Caballero\u2010Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n Institute for Health Research  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Carrera\u2010Roig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Moratalla\u2010Bartolom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecological Surgery and Endoscopy Unit Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Dom\u00ednguez\u2010Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Extreme\u00f1o de Reproducci\u00f3n Asistida  Badajoz Spain"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Universidad de Extremadura  Badajoz Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. L.","family":"Alc\u00e1zar\u2010Zambrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra  Pamplona Spain"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Universidad de Navarra  Pamplona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Alonso\u2010Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecological Endoscopy Unit Gutenberg Center, Xanit International Hospital  M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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