{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T07:26:44Z","timestamp":1780385204773,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,23]],"date-time":"2006-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1151020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the reliability of two\u2010dimensional gray\u2010scale (2D) and color Doppler echocardiography in the study of the size and anatomy of the central pulmonary arteries and of the sources of pulmonary blood flow in a case series of fetuses with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect (PA\u2010VSD), and to evaluate whether the use of 4D ultrasound with B\u2010flow imaging and spatio\u2010temporal image correlation (STIC) can improve prenatal diagnostic accuracy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study population comprised a group of seven PA\u2010VSD fetuses that had been examined by 2D and color Doppler echocardiography exclusively, and a group of five additional cases identified initially by conventional echocardiography and examined further by 4D ultrasound, for all of which a thorough postnatal or autopsy study of the size and anatomy of the pulmonary arteries and blood supply was available.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>2D and color Doppler echocardiography failed to assess the anatomy of the central pulmonary arteries and the source of the pulmonary blood supply in 33% and 25% of the 12 cases, respectively. 4D ultrasound with B\u2010flow imaging and STIC assessed successfully the anatomy of the pulmonary arteries and the source of pulmonary blood supply in all five fetuses examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prognosis of PA\u2010VSD is influenced by the anatomy of the pulmonary arteries and the sources of the pulmonary blood supply, and by coexisting extracardiac and genetic anomalies. Our findings, although limited to a small sample size, suggest that 4D echocardiography with B\u2010flow imaging and STIC, unlike 2D ultrasound, can provide thorough visualization of very small vessels and of the arterial blood supply to the lungs of fetuses with PA\u2010VSD. 4D ultrasound may be used in the future to improve and help to detail the diagnosis of other fetal cardiac defects. Copyright \u00a9 2006 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,23]],"date-time":"2006-06-23T11:34:23Z","timestamp":1151062463000},"page":"40-46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Novel application of 4D sonography with B\u2010flow imaging and spatio\u2010temporal image correlation (STIC) in the assessment of the anatomy of pulmonary arteries in fetuses with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Volpe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Campobasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Stanziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"De Robertis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Di Paolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Volpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.44.1.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.84.5.499"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","first-page":"1251","volume-title":"Pediatric Cardiology","author":"Baker EJ","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"248","volume-title":"Textbook of Fetal Cardiology","author":"Hornberger LK","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(85)80223-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.79.2.186"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)00516-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.112174"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2002.00864.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.682"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(95)70305-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00364-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90391-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.356"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)00302-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(89)90028-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1066"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2000.00025.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2000.00059.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","first-page":"808","article-title":"B\u2010flow and B\u2010flow spatio\u2010temporal image correlation in visualizing fetal cardiac blood flow","volume":"46","author":"Pooh RK","year":"2005","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2005.24.4.415"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.65.1_Spec_No.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90300-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00049-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.89.12.1437"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)35674-0","article-title":"The structure of the pulmonary circulation in tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia","volume":"95","author":"Shimazaki Y","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1997.09040237.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.217"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1075"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1877"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fuog.2818","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/uog.2818","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T23:15:30Z","timestamp":1696720530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/uog.2818"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,23]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/uog.2818"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.2818","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-7692","1469-0705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-7692","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-03-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2006-06-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}