{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T10:12:51Z","timestamp":1769076771131,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]],"date-time":"2024-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNFSA170030576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNFSA170030576"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the validity of the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) chorionicity\u2010specific models for fetal growth in twin pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was an external validation study of the FMF models using a nationwide Danish cohort of twin pregnancies. The cohort included all dichorionic (DC) and monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies with an estimated delivery date between 2008 and 2018, which satisfied the following inclusion criteria: two live fetuses at the first\u2010trimester ultrasound scan (11\u201314\u2009weeks' gestation); biometric measurements available for the calculation of estimated fetal weight (EFW) using the Hadlock\u20103 formula; and delivery of two liveborn infants. Validation involved assessing the distributional properties of the models and estimating the mean EFW <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score deviations. Additionally, the models were applied to pregnancies that delivered preterm and attended non\u2010scheduled visits (complicated pregnancies).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 8542 DC and 1675 MCDA twin pregnancies met the inclusion criteria. In DC twins, 17\u2009084 fetuses were evaluated at a total of 95\u2009346 ultrasound scans, of which 44.5% were performed at scheduled visits in pregnancies carried to 37\u2009+\u20090\u2009weeks or later. The median number of growth scans per DC twin fetus from 20\u2009+\u20090\u2009weeks onwards was four. The model showed good agreement with the validation cohort for scheduled visits in DC twins delivered at 37\u2009+\u20090\u2009weeks or later (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD EFW <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score, \u20130.14\u2009\u00b1\u20091.05). In MCDA twins, 3350 fetuses underwent 31\u2009632 eligible ultrasound scans, of which 59.5% were performed at scheduled visits in pregnancies carried to 36\u2009+\u20090\u2009weeks or later. The median number of growth scans per MCDA twin fetus from 16\u2009+\u20090\u2009weeks onwards was 10. The model showed favorable agreement with the validation cohort for scheduled visits in MCDA twins delivered at 36\u2009+\u20090\u2009weeks or later (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD EFW <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score, \u20130.09\u2009\u00b1\u20091.01). Non\u2010scheduled visits and preterm delivery before 37\u2009+\u20090\u2009weeks for DC twins and before 36\u2009+\u20090\u2009weeks for MCDA twins corresponded with smaller weight estimates, which was consistent with the study's definition of complicated pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The FMF models provide a good fit for EFW measurements in our Danish national cohort of uncomplicated twin pregnancies assessed at routine scans. Therefore, the FMF models establish robust criteria for subsequent investigations and potential clinical applications. Future research should focus on exploring the consequences of clinical implementation, particularly regarding the identification of twins that are small\u2010for\u2010gestational age, as they are especially susceptible to adverse perinatal outcome. \u00a9 2024 The Author(s). <jats:italic>Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology<\/jats:italic> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.29125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T03:59:10Z","timestamp":1730087950000},"page":"730-738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Validation of Fetal Medicine Foundation charts for fetal growth in twins: nationwide Danish cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4633-4738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. E.","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy and Ultrasound, Department of Gynecology, Fertility and Obstetrics Copenhagen University Hospital  Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Research University of Exeter  Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Research University of Exeter  Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Gadsb\u00f8ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy and Ultrasound, Department of Gynecology, Fertility and Obstetrics Copenhagen University Hospital  Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. K.","family":"Ekelund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy and Ultrasound, Department of Gynecology, Fertility and Obstetrics Copenhagen University Hospital  Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Sandager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Fetal Medicine Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Fetal Diagnostics Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. S.","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine Unit Copenhagen University Hospital\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Hvidovre and Amager  Hvidovre Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Hoseth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinic of Ultrasound Aalborg University Hospital  Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Sperling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Ultrasound and Pregnancy Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. 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