{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:55:57Z","timestamp":1786978557085,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the accuracy of four published reference standards for the umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA\u2010PI) in predicting small\u2010for\u2010gestational age (SGA), adverse neonatal outcomes and obstetric complications in pregnancies at risk for fetal growth restriction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a secondary analysis of a prospective study of singleton pregnancies that underwent fetal growth assessment by ultrasound between 26 and 36\u2009weeks' gestation. Pregnancies with estimated fetal weight or abdominal circumference &lt;\u200920\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentile with UA\u2010PI measurements available were included. We excluded fetuses with chromosomal anomaly or congenital malformation and those without delivery information. The predictive ability of UA\u2010PI &gt;\u200995\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentile according to the reference standards of Acharya\n                      <jats:italic>et\u2009al<\/jats:italic>\n                      ., the INTERGROWTH\u201021\n                      <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                      Project, the Fetal Medicine Foundation and Parra\u2010Cordero\n                      <jats:italic>et\u2009al<\/jats:italic>\n                      . for SGA, a composite of adverse neonatal outcomes and a composite of obstetric complications was compared using the area under the receiver\u2010operating\u2010characteristics curve (AUC). Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were calculated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 1054 pregnancies that underwent fetal growth evaluation by ultrasound, 207 were included in our analysis. SGA, adverse neonatal outcomes and obstetric complications were diagnosed in 94 (45.4%), 50 (24.2%) and 69 (33.3%) cases, respectively. All reference standards had similar and statistically significant but poor predictive accuracy for SGA (AUC of 0.55 to 0.56), adverse neonatal outcomes (AUC of 0.57 to 0.60) and obstetric complications (AUC of 0.55 for all).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The reference standards for UA\u2010PI evaluated herein have poor predictive ability for SGA, adverse neonatal outcomes and obstetric complications. At present, no particular UA\u2010PI reference standard can be recommended over others. Larger trials are needed to answer this research question. \u00a9 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.29142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T23:40:03Z","timestamp":1735774803000},"page":"71-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of umbilical artery pulsatility index reference ranges"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8464-9744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. R.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida  Tampa FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. E.","family":"Markel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida  Tampa FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Pressman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida  Tampa FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. R.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida  Tampa FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. G.","family":"Obican","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida  Tampa FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4340-450X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. O.","family":"Odibo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida  Tampa FL USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Washington University  St Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1985.tb01045.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1985.tb01044.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1985.tb01046.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"705","article-title":"Cerebral and umbilical arterial blood flow velocity waveforms in normal and growth\u2010retarded pregnancies","volume":"69","author":"Wladimiroff JW","year":"1987","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20850"},{"issue":"290","key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"e291","article-title":"Optimizing the definition of intrauterine growth restriction: the multicenter prospective PORTO Study","volume":"208","author":"Unterscheider J","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","article-title":"Fetal and umbilical Doppler ultrasound in high\u2010risk pregnancies","volume":"6","author":"Alfirevic Z","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23638"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.22134"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.11.1357"},{"issue":"613","key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"e611","article-title":"Doppler ultrasonography in obstetrics: from the diagnosis of fetal anemia to the treatment of intrauterine growth\u2010restricted fetuses","volume":"200","author":"Mari G","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20157"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1868"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.181.1.1887021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13394"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012799"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5225"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000245"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(85)90298-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23698"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00386-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80282-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1536744"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003891"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7767"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","article-title":"Fetal and umbilical Doppler ultrasound in high\u2010risk pregnancies","volume":"2013","author":"Alfirevic Z","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7738"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","first-page":"509","article-title":"Normal reference values of the pulsatility index from the uterine and umbilical arteries during pregnancy","volume":"74","author":"Medina Castro N","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ginecol Obstet Mex"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpme.1990.18.3.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(91)90290-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000519058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2012.03451.x"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; 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