{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:43:16Z","timestamp":1790800996944,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744934400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To use the Delphi method to gain insight into approaches to prenatal diagnosis and management of preterm birth (PTB) in twin pregnancies, including complications such as twin\u2010to\u2010twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) and a short and\/or dilated cervix.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A three\u2010round Delphi process was conducted among an international panel of experts to assess their approach to prevention, monitoring and management strategies for PTB in twin pregnancies. Experts were selected based on their publication record or membership of related organizations. Response options were multiple\u2010choice answers or a five\u2010point Likert scale.\n                      <jats:italic>A priori<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a cut\u2010off of \u2265\u200970% agreement was used to define consensus.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 117 experts participated in the first round, of whom 94\/117 (80.3%) completed all subsequent rounds. Representatives came from at least 22 countries (across five continents), most commonly the USA (50.4%) and the UK (12.0%). Over 70% of experts performed routine screening of cervical length (CL) using transvaginal ultrasound at 18\u201323\u2009weeks' gestation, using CL \u2264\u200925\u2009mm to diagnose short cervix in twin pregnancies, regardless of a history of PTB. In twin pregnancies with a short non\u2010dilated cervix, most experts offered vaginal progesterone rather than pessary or cervical cerclage, regardless of a history of PTB. In twin pregnancies with asymptomatic dilated cervix, consensus was reached (88.3% agreement) for placement of cervical cerclage, performed up to 24\u2009weeks' gestation (67.5% agreement; no consensus). Similarly, 96.1% of experts agreed that performing serial transvaginal ultrasound measurements of CL at 16\u201324\u2009weeks' gestation was warranted in women with a current singleton pregnancy who had a previous twin pregnancy that required physical examination\u2010indicated cerclage; these patients should be considered high risk for PTB (83.1% agreement). In twin pregnancies with TTTS, laser surgery is offered by most experts, regardless of preoperative CL. In patients with TTTS and short CL, most experts would recommend cervical cerclage (71.9%) or vaginal progesterone (65.6%) rather than pessary or expectant management. However, no consensus was reached on measures to prevent PTB in cases of TTTS with cervical dilation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This Delphi consensus study highlights practice variations among healthcare providers worldwide in the evaluation and management of PTB in twin pregnancies, which often differ from recommendations given by national and international societies. \u00a9 2025 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.29220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T05:52:16Z","timestamp":1744955536000},"page":"712-722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prevention of preterm birth in twin pregnancy: international Delphi consensus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5611-1231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. 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