{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T18:08:29Z","timestamp":1788286109304,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,23]],"date-time":"2006-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1164240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be an alternative to conventional autopsy. However, it is unclear how confident radiologists are in reporting such studies. We sought to determine the confidence with which radiologists report on various fetal organs by developing a scale to express their confidence of normality and abnormality, and to place this in the context of a pathological diagnosis of whether the organ was in fact normal or abnormal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty fetuses, aged 16\u201339 gestational weeks and weighing 61\u20133270 g, underwent postmortem MRI prior to conventional autopsy. MRI studies were reported by two radiologists with access to the clinical and sonographic history: a neuroradiologist, reporting head and neck, and a pediatric radiologist, reporting thorax, abdomen and pelvis. Radiologists used a scale (0 = <jats:italic>definitely<\/jats:italic> abnormal, 100 = <jats:italic>definitely<\/jats:italic> normal, 50 = <jats:italic>unable<\/jats:italic> to comment) to indicate their <jats:italic>confidence<\/jats:italic> of anatomical structures being normal or abnormal, using a checklist. Conventional autopsies were performed by pediatric pathologists blinded to the MRI findings, and these were considered the reference standard.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most normal fetal organs had high scores on postmortem MRI, with median <jats:italic>confidence<\/jats:italic> scores above 80. However, the atrioventricular valves, duodenum, bowel rotation and pancreas proved more difficult to assess, with median scores of 50, 60, 60 and 62.5, respectively. Abnormal cardiac atria and ventricles, kidneys, cerebral hemispheres and corpus callosum were always detected with high or moderate degrees of <jats:italic>confidence<\/jats:italic> (median scores of 2.5, 5, 0, 0 and 30 respectively). However, in two cases with abnormal cardiac outflow tracts, both cases scored 50. Kappa values, assessing agreement between MRI diagnoses of abnormality and autopsy, were high for the brain (0.83), moderate for the lungs (0.56) and fair for the heart (0.33).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This scoring system represents an attempt to define the confidence of radiologists to report varying degrees of normality and abnormality following z ex\u2010utero fetal MRI. While most fetal anatomy is clearly visualized on postmortem MRI, radiologists may lack <jats:italic>confidence<\/jats:italic> reporting such studies and there are particular problems with <jats:italic>assessment<\/jats:italic> of some cardiac and gastrointestinal structures, both normal and abnormal. Copyright \u00a9 2006 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.3886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,23]],"date-time":"2006-11-23T08:25:49Z","timestamp":1164270349000},"page":"918-924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Use of a confidence scale in reporting postmortem fetal magnetic resonance imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"A. C. G.","family":"Breeze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. J.","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. A.","family":"Hackett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. A.","family":"Jessop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Joubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. J.","family":"Lomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. A. K.","family":"Set","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. L.","family":"Whitehead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. C.","family":"Lees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Cambridge Post\u2010mortem MRI Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","volume-title":"Stillbirth, Neonatal and Post\u2010neonatal Mortality 2000\u20132003, England, Wales and Northern Ireland","author":"Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.84.6.457"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.37939.570104.EE"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0730-725X(90)90103-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.168.1.8976917"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)02287-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2003.02076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000048008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","first-page":"22","article-title":"Postmortem MR imaging of the fetal and stillborn central nervous system","volume":"24","author":"Griffiths PD","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2005.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)74816-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.174.6.1741599"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.206.2.9457211"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.88.6.F521"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.022483"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","volume-title":"Fetal and Perinatal Pathology: Report of a Joint Working Party","author":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Royal College of Pathologists","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","unstructured":"MedCalc v9.http:\/\/www.medcalc.be[Accessed 9 July 2006]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.935"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0960-7692.2001.00555.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1784"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.331.7516.562"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-004-2419-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000264358"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1996.08050303.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7441.702"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)03202-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.3182"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","first-page":"S51","article-title":"Assessment of brain and liver volumes using post mortem fetal MRI and comparison to organ weights at autopsy [Abstract]","volume":"26","author":"Breeze ACG","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1998.12040271.x"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fuog.3886","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/uog.3886","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T18:30:42Z","timestamp":1697135442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/uog.3886"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,23]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/uog.3886"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.3886","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-7692","1469-0705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-7692","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-10-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2006-11-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}