{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T14:48:26Z","timestamp":1791470906044,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031356","name":"Sp\u00e4dbarnsfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031356","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasound\u2010based fetal growth assessment is an essential part of clinical decision\u2010making in modern obstetric care. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of maternal and fetal characteristics on the accuracy and precision of sonographic fetal weight estimation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 31\u2009521 singleton pregnancies registered in the Swedish Pregnancy Register between January 2014 and December 2021, with delivery \u2265\u200922\u2009+\u20090\u2009weeks' gestation and estimated fetal weight (EFW) assessed using ultrasound within 2\u2009days before delivery. Fetal biometric ultrasound measurements were used to calculate EFW according to the formula of Persson and Weldner. Mean percentage error (MPE) and the proportion of EFW within \u00b1\u200910% of the birth weight were calculated and stratified by maternal body mass index (BMI), fetal sex, fetal presentation at birth, gestational age (GA) at ultrasound and standardized EFW (estimated small\u2010for\u2010gestational age (SGA), appropriate\u2010for\u2010gestational age (AGA) or large\u2010for\u2010gestational age). Univariable and adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) for poor EFW assessment, defined as EFW deviating more than \u00b1\u200910% from the birth weight, were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All investigated fetal characteristics, but not maternal BMI, affected the precision of EFW. The inaccuracies of fetal weight estimation were most pronounced in fetuses estimated as severe SGA (&lt;\u20093\n                      <jats:sup>rd<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009percentile) across all subgroups of GA at ultrasound (overall MPE, \u22125.4\u2009\u00b1\u20099.8%; 67% of estimates within \u00b1\u200910% of birth weight). The risk of poor fetal weight estimation was highest for severe\u2010SGA\u2010estimated\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      AGA\u2010estimated fetuses (aRR, 1.44 (95%\u2009CI, 1.38\u20131.51)). Additionally, the risk of poor fetal weight estimation was higher for male\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      female fetuses (aRR, 1.09 (95%\u2009CI, 1.05\u20131.14)), non\u2010cephalic\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      cephalic presentation (aRR, 1.20 (95%\u2009CI, 1.13\u20131.28)) and preterm\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      late term (39\u2009+\u20090 to 40\u2009+\u20096\u2009weeks) GA at ultrasound, with the highest risk observed for those with GA of 22\u2009+\u20090 to 27\u2009+\u20096\u2009weeks at ultrasound (aRR, 1.30 (95%\u2009CI, 1.13\u20131.50)).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All assessed fetal characteristics, especially standardized EFW, affected the accuracy of ultrasonographic fetal weight estimation. Understanding systematic errors in the EFW formula used is of utmost importance in clinical decision\u2010making to prevent unnecessary or missed obstetric interventions. \u00a9 2025 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.70117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T14:55:04Z","timestamp":1761317704000},"page":"747-753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Impact of fetal and maternal characteristics on the accuracy and precision of sonographic fetal weight estimation: population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2925-3779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Granfors","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine (Solna) Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Women's Health, Division of Obstetrics Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c4.","family":"Mantel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine (Solna) Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Women's Health, Division of Obstetrics Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Axelsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University Uppsala  Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research S\u00f6rmland Uppsala University  Eskilstuna Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Cnattingius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine (Solna) Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4427-1075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Lindstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine (Solna) Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University Uppsala  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