{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T06:52:18Z","timestamp":1792479138223,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The primary objective was to compare the evaluation of trainees' obstetric and gynecological (OBGYN) ultrasound skills by an in\u2010person\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      remote examiner. The secondary objectives were to compare the assessment of obstetric ultrasound skills using three types of ultrasound simulator\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      traditional examination involving a pregnant volunteer, and to evaluate the perspectives of trainees and examiners on the three ultrasound simulators.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a prospective study of 12 physicians with minimal experience in OBGYN ultrasound. After completing a structured training course, trainees performed an ultrasound examination at four stations: one involving a mid\u2010trimester pregnant volunteer (obstetric examination only) and three using ultrasound simulators (OBGYN examination), namely an ultrasound simulator app, a high\u2010fidelity mannequin simulator and an optical positioning simulator. At each station, two certified maternal\u2013fetal medicine specialists assessed the scans simultaneously, with one examiner present in the room and the other observing remotely via live video. The assessments were based on the 20\u2010planes approach from the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology Basic Training program and the Objective Structured Assessment of Ultrasound Skills (OSAUS) scale. An anonymous survey was used to gauge the subjective impressions of the maternal\u2013fetal medicine specialists and trainees on the three ultrasound simulators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The image scores from remote\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      in\u2010person assessment using the 20\u2010planes approach showed moderate\u2010to\u2010good agreement across three of the four stations, with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values ranging from 0.51 (95%\u2009CI, 0.06\u20130.80) to 0.89 (95%\u2009CI, 0.26\u20130.99). However, remote assessment of OBGYN ultrasound images obtained using the high\u2010fidelity mannequin simulator yielded lower scores compared with in\u2010person assessment, with an ICC of 0.28 (95%\u2009CI, \u22120.32 to 0.72). Additionally, scores on the OSAUS scale obtained remotely differed significantly from those obtained in person for all stations (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 for all). Using the 20\u2010planes approach, the obstetric image scores obtained during the traditional examination involving a pregnant volunteer were similar to those obtained using the optical positioning simulator, but not to those from the other two simulators. The OSAUS scores were similar only between the ultrasound simulator app and the high\u2010fidelity mannequin simulator, and between the optical positioning simulator and assessment on a pregnant volunteer, when the assessment was conducted by an in\u2010person examiner. Examiners and trainees generally agreed that ultrasound simulators offer benefit in the training and assessment of OBGYN ultrasound  skills.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Simulation\u2010based techniques show potential for evaluating OBGYN ultrasound competence. It may be possible for evaluation to be conducted remotely by experts certified in maternal\u2013fetal medicine. While promising as an educational and training tool, the role of simulation as a method for remotely assessing ultrasound skills warrants further investigation. \u00a9 2026 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.70175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T03:20:34Z","timestamp":1773026434000},"page":"542-547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Simulator\u2010based assessment of obstetric and gynecological ultrasound skills: validity of three different simulators and feasibility of remote evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9743-5005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Rameh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centres SFFERe (Sp\u00e9cialistes F\u0153tus, Femme Enceinte et Reproduction)  Boulogne\u2013Billancourt France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. M.","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal\u2212Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, St Luke's University Health Network  Bethlehem PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8583-2054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Corroenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine Necker\u2013Enfants Malades Hospital  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Helou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Service, H\u00f4pital Abou Jaoud\u00e9  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Aboujaoude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology H\u00f4pital Abou Jaoud\u00e9  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Seshadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Medicine, MediScan Systems  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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