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At midgestation, participants were randomly allocated into three groups: a Mediterranean diet intervention; a stress\u2010reduction program; or usual care. A randomly selected subgroup (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009124) underwent fetal brain MRI between 36.1 and 39.1\u2009weeks' gestation and were analyzed offline. Offline analysis included measurements of biparietal diameter, occipitofrontal diameter, cortical sulci depth, corpus callosum length, vermis height and cerebellar transverse diameter. Differences in brain measurement between groups were analyzed by regression models adjusted for baseline maternal characteristics, gestational age at MRI assessment, fetal sex, fetal head size and MRI scanner model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fetuses in the Mediterranean\u2010diet group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200936) showed a significantly deeper right insula (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD, 28.78\u2009\u00b1\u20091.16\u2009mm\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      27.88\u2009\u00b1\u20091.23\u2009mm;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03), a deeper left insula (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD, 28.60\u2009\u00b1\u20091.21\u2009mm\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      27.49\u2009\u00b1\u20091.26\u2009mm;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01) and a longer corpus callosum (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD, 42.24\u2009\u00b1\u20092.50\u2009mm\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      40.61\u2009\u00b1\u20092.13\u2009mm;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) compared with fetuses in the usual\u2010care group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200944). Fetuses in the stress\u2010reduction group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200944) also had a deeper left insula (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD, 28.39\u2009\u00b1\u20091.13\u2009mm\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      27.49\u2009\u00b1\u20091.26\u2009mm;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04) compared with those in the usual\u2010care group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Structured maternal lifestyle interventions during pregnancy may influence fetal neurodevelopment. Although the effect sizes were submillimetric, these effects were detectable using two\u2010dimensional MRI, which highlights its potential as a sensitive tool for detecting subtle brain changes during fetal life. Future studies are warranted to truly reveal the clinical meaning of these findings. \u00a9 2026 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.70214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T06:16:18Z","timestamp":1776492978000},"page":"646-656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of\n                    <scp>Mediterranean<\/scp>\n                    diet and stress\u2010reduction interventions during pregnancy on fetal brain development detected using magnetic resonance imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Nakaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BCNatal, Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Cl\u00ednic and Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u) University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCNatal, Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Cl\u00ednic and Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u) University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Mother\u2013Woman\u2013Child Department Lausanne University Hospital\u2009(CHUV)  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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