{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:21:59Z","timestamp":1789496519438,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,22]],"date-time":"2009-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1261440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyze fetal two\u2010dimensional (2D) echocardiographic characteristics of interrupted aortic arch (IAA) and its different types, to explore whether the use of 4D ultrasound with B\u2010flow imaging and spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) can improve prenatal diagnostic accuracy, and to describe associations and outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study comprised IAA fetuses examined exclusively by 2D conventional echocardiography during the period from 1994 to 2003, and those identified by conventional echocardiography and examined further by 4D ultrasound with B\u2010flow imaging and STIC during the period January 2004 to July 2008, identified among fetuses examined at two referral centers for congenital heart defects (CHD). Postnatal follow\u2010up was available in all cases. Karyotyping and fluorescent in\u2010situ hybridization (FISH) analysis for the DiGeorge critical region (22q11.2) were performed in all cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010two cases of isolated IAA (15 Type B and seven Type A, seven and three of which, respectively, underwent B\u2010flow imaging and STIC) were detected among 2520 cases of fetal CHD. In seven of the 15 Type B cases, a right subclavian artery arose anomalously (ARSA). 2D echocardiography failed to distinguish the type of IAA in only two cases and the ARSA in five of the seven cases. B\u2010flow imaging and STIC successfully identified IAA types in all 10 cases examined and clearly visualized the origin and course of the ARSA, including cervical ones. FISH detected 22q11.2 microdeletion in 10 of the 15 Type B cases and an unusual association with Type A in one of the seven cases. Fetal\/neonatal outcome included: eight terminations of pregnancy, one intrauterine death and four postoperative deaths in the neonatal period, and nine neonates were alive after surgery at a mean follow\u2010up time of 58 months (range, 4 months\u201313 years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results confirm the feasibility of prenatal characterization of IAA and its different types based on 2D echocardiographic examination, albeit with some limitations in the thorough assessment. 4D ultrasound with B\u2010flow imaging and STIC can apparently facilitate visualization and detailed examination of the anatomical features of the IAA types, including visualization of the neck vessels, thus supplying additional information with respect to 2D sonography. As for the known association with microdeletion 22q11.2, our data indicate that Types A and B are distinct, there being a close association only with IAA Type B. Copyright \u00a9 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,22]],"date-time":"2009-12-22T13:24:15Z","timestamp":1261488255000},"page":"302-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Fetal interrupted aortic arch: 2D\u20104D echocardiography, associations and outcome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Volpe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Tuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"De Robertis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Campobasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Marasini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Tempesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Rembouskos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","first-page":"1523","volume-title":"Pediatric Cardiology","author":"Brierley J","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","first-page":"305","volume-title":"Textbook of Fetal Cardiology","author":"Hornberger LK","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951100005461"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00401-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00259-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19980724)78:4<322::AID-AJMG4>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2002.00818.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02336554"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1075"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1754"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2005.24.12.1685"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1877"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.3912"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5276"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5145"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","first-page":"808","article-title":"B\u2010flow and B\u2010flow spatio\u2010temporal image correlation in visualizing fetal cardiac blood flow","volume":"46","author":"Pooh RK","year":"2005","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2818"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90300-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(84)90519-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.682"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.112174"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2002.00864.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(86)90256-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1998.tb02584.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5405.1158"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00247-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_2","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease","author":"Clark EB","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(01)02279-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_2","first-page":"642","article-title":"Laterality of the aortic arch anomalies of the subclavian artery\u2014reliable indicators for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome?","volume":"163","author":"Rauch R","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; 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