{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:54:25Z","timestamp":1792173265572,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,17]],"date-time":"2011-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1313539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate maternal cardiac function in a cohort of uncomplicated twin gestations assessed longitudinally.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Women with twin pregnancies were enrolled prospectively and underwent serial maternal echocardiography at 20\u201323 weeks, 26\u201329 weeks and 30\u201333 weeks of gestation. Patients were excluded if any of these complications occurred after recruitment: delivery &lt; 34 weeks; pre\u2010eclampsia or gestational hypertension; small\u2010for\u2010gestational age neonates (birth weight of one or both twins &lt; 5\n                      <jats:sup>\n                        <jats:italic>th<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sup>\n                      centile for gestational age). Cardiac findings were compared with those obtained at the same gestational age periods in a group of singleton gestations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A group of 20 uncomplicated twin gestations was obtained for analysis and 10 singleton pregnancies were then selected as controls. At each visit, mean \u00b1 SD cardiac output (CO) was significantly higher in twins than in singletons (6.55 \u00b1 0.82 vs 5.62 \u00b1 0.82 L\/min,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.007 at 20\u201323 weeks; 7.31 \u00b1 0.74 vs 6.39 \u00b1 0.74 L\/min,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003 at 26\u201329 weeks; 7.50 \u00b1 0.89 vs 6.68 \u00b1 0.65 L\/min,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.015 at 30\u201333 weeks), whereas total vascular resistance (TVR) was lower (1005 \u00b1 137 vs 1179 \u00b1 199 dynes \u00d7 s\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.009 at 20\u201323 weeks; 924 \u00b1 100 vs 1070 \u00b1 138 dynes \u00d7 s\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003 at 26\u201329 weeks; 929 \u00b1 96 vs 1031 \u00b1 122 dynes \u00d7 s\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.018 at 30\u201333 weeks). In both twins and singletons, CO showed a significant increase while TVR decreased significantly throughout the assessed pregnancy time period.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In twin gestation, maternal cardiac function apparently undergoes more profound changes compared with in singleton gestation, as testified by higher CO and lower TVR values at each stage of pregnancy starting from the mid\u2010trimester. Copyright \u00a9 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.8936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,14]],"date-time":"2011-01-14T11:19:55Z","timestamp":1295003995000},"page":"575-580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Maternal cardiac function in normal twin pregnancy: a longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Kuleva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Maroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Contro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Pilu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Pelusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Ghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1989.256.4.H1060"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90405-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(94)70297-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2000.00135.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000128170.15161.1d"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euje.2006.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(66)90079-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(85)80109-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","first-page":"217","article-title":"Arterial blood pressure\u2013the pattern of change in twin pregnancies","volume":"34","author":"Campbell DM","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma)"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(89)90682-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349409013386"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200310000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.58.6.1072"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.293.6547.611"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/147670410001728223"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-25313"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.107928"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.01013.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(90)90005-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(98)00037-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.8915"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1971.tb00311.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349509021176"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-199912000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.37.5.1209"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2002.00847.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.3901"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5311"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5231"}],"container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; 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