{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T18:24:00Z","timestamp":1761675840204},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,10]],"date-time":"2012-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genetic sonography following first\u2010trimester combined screening appears to increase substantially detection rates for Down syndrome but it relies on the unproved assumption of independence between these tests. In this study we aimed to investigate the relationship between first\u2010trimester nuchal translucency (NT) and a series of second\u2010trimester soft markers and structural defects in unaffected pregnancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>NT measurement in the first trimester was followed by second\u2010trimester scan (18 to 23 + 6 weeks) including examination for three categorical markers (intracardiac echogenic foci, hyperechogenic bowel and structural defects) and measurement of nasal bone length, nuchal\u2010fold thickness, femur length, humerus length, renal pelvis diameter and prenasal thickness. All continuous variables were expressed in multiples of the median (MoM) for gestation and correlation coefficients between log\u2010transformed NT and second\u2010trimester variables were calculated. In addition, frequencies of soft markers and structural defects in cases with increased NT were compared to those with normal NT, using MoM cut\u2010offs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a dataset of 1970 cases, NT was significantly correlated (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) with all second\u2010trimester continuous variables, the correlation being strongest for nuchal\u2010fold thickness (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.10). There was a higher frequency of cases with second\u2010trimester nuchal\u2010fold thickness above the 97.5<jats:sup><jats:italic>th<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> centile (10.7 vs. 2.2%) and hyperechogenic bowel (2.4 vs. 0.1%) in cases with increased NT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Straightforward reassessment of risk using likelihood ratios derived from the second\u2010trimester genetic sonogram might lead to inaccurate estimates. Multivariate models using continuous second\u2010trimester variables might be preferable in sequential screening strategies. Copyright \u00a9 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.9024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,12]],"date-time":"2011-04-12T08:55:06Z","timestamp":1302598506000},"page":"274-278","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Second\u2010trimester soft markers: relation to first\u2010trimester nuchal translucency in unaffected pregnancies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Miguelez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"De Lourdes Brizot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. W.","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. H. 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