{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T18:26:37Z","timestamp":1769279197782,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,5]],"date-time":"2011-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1323043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the use and efficacy of <jats:italic>in\u2010utero<\/jats:italic> pleurodesis for experimental treatment of bilateral fetal chylothorax.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a study of 78 fetuses with bilateral pleural effusion referred to three tertiary referral centers in Taiwan between 2005 and 2009. Fetuses were karyotyped following amniocentesis and the lymphocyte ratio in the pleural effusion was determined following thoracocentesis. Forty\u2010nine (62.8%) fetuses had a normal karyotype and were recognized to have fetal chylothorax; of these, 45 underwent intrapleural injection of 0.1KE OK\u2010432 per side per treatment. We evaluated clinical (hydrops vs. no hydrops) and genetic (mutations in the reported lymphedema\u2010associated loci: VEGFR3, PTPN11, FOXC2, ITGA9) parameters, as well as treatment outcome. Long\u2010term survival was defined as survival to 1 year of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall long\u2010term survival rate (LSR) was 35.6% (16\/45); the LSR for non\u2010hydropic fetuses was 66.7% (12\/18) and for hydropic fetuses it was 14.8% (4\/27). If we included only fetuses with onset of the condition in the second trimester, excluding those with onset in the third trimester, the LSR decreased to 29.4% (10\/34). Notably, 29.6% (8\/27) of hydropic fetuses had mutations in three of the four loci examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>OK\u2010432 pleurodesis appeared to be an experimental alternative to the gold\u2010standard technique of thoracoamniotic shunting in non\u2010hydropic fetal chylothorax. In hydropic fetuses, pleurodesis appeared less effective. Copyright \u00a9 2011 ISUOG. 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