{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T04:10:34Z","timestamp":1778645434668,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,20]],"date-time":"2011-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1316476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rhythm analysis of the fetal heart is hampered by the inability to routinely obtain electrocardiographic recordings of the fetus. Doppler studies of fetal cardiac tissue movements, assessing cardiac movements both qualitatively and quantitatively, have recently been described. We used a conventional high\u2010resolution ultrasound system to obtain rhythm data from pulsed\u2010wave tissue Doppler signals of the fetal heart in normal cardiac rhythm and in a variety of fetal cardiac arrhythmias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010five fetuses with normal (sinus) rhythm, 45 fetuses with rhythm disturbances and two neonates (one with arrhythmia and one with normal sinus rhythm) were studied. Using a conventional high\u2010resolution ultrasound system equipped for fetal studies, but without specific tissue Doppler hardware or software, we performed pulsed\u2010wave tissue Doppler echocardiography (PW\u2010TDE) of atrioventricular valve ring excursions to study the atrial and ventricular mechanical actions. In the neonates, electrocardiograms were also recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PW\u2010TDE in normal fetuses shows a typical pattern of tissue motion parallel to the long axis of the heart and in the opposite direction to the blood flow, both in systole and diastole. This pattern is easily obtained from the tricuspid valve annulus in normal sinus rhythm and shows characteristic changes in various fetal arrhythmias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PW\u2010TDE of atrioventricular valve annulus movement patterns may prove to be a valuable additional tool for assessing fetal cardiac arrhythmias. Copyright \u00a9 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.9070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,8]],"date-time":"2011-06-08T11:11:30Z","timestamp":1307531490000},"page":"406-412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Pulsed\u2010wave tissue Doppler echocardiography for the analysis of fetal cardiac arrhythmias"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Tutschek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. 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