{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:53:21Z","timestamp":1791568401101,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,2]],"date-time":"2004-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound in Obstet &amp;amp; Gyne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thyroid hormone is essential for fetal neurological development. Among other etiologies, fetal hypothyroidism may be caused by maternal exposure to antithyroid drugs (ATDs). The most common presentation of fetal hypothyroidism is fetal goiter, which can cause dystocia, in addition to airway obstruction in the neonate. Intra\u2010amniotic treatment with levothyroxine normalizes fetal thyroid status and reduces goiter size. We present a case of fetal hypothyroidism diagnosed in a patient who was treated with propylthiouracil (PTU) for Grave's disease. The fetus had marked hydrops fetalis and a large goiter. In addition, anal stenosis, vesicovaginal fistula, bilateral pyelectasia and polydactyly were diagnosed in the neonate. Intra\u2010amniotic treatment with levothyroxine resulted in a regression of the hydrops and a reduction in the goiter size. A euthyroid, non\u2010edematous, non\u2010goitrous neonate was delivered. At the age of 27 months the child's psychomotor development was normal. The present case indicates that hydrops fetalis may be an unusual manifestation of fetal hypothyroidism, caused by intrauterine exposure to maternal antithyroid drugs (ATDs), and that it may be resolved by treatment with intra\u2010amniotic levothyroxine. Copyright \u00a9 2004 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,5]],"date-time":"2004-02-05T08:01:00Z","timestamp":1075968060000},"page":"198-201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Fetal hydrops, associated with maternal propylthiouracil exposure, reversed by intrauterine therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Yanai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Shveiky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199703000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199410203311608"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_2","first-page":"726","volume-title":"Endocrinology","author":"Amino N","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.81.1.222"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199703000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-45-6-1187"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1994.4.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-14-2-194"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(94)70390-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_11_2","first-page":"311","article-title":"Antithyroid drugs and Grave's disease in pregnancy: long\u2010term effect on somatic growth, intellectual development and thyroid function of the offspring","volume":"123","author":"Messer MP","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01957719"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196509162731203"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_14_2","first-page":"463","article-title":"Treatment of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy with propylthiouracil and methimazole","volume":"53","author":"Mujtaba Q","year":"1975","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196208302670902"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198102263040907"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(71)80185-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1992.2.207"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_19_2","first-page":"342","article-title":"ACOG Committee Opinion. 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