{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T15:08:02Z","timestamp":1776697682467,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The causes of respiratory disease in British gamebirds were investigated during 2016\u20132019 following concerns about poorer responses to antibiotic treatment. Emphasis was placed on\n                      <jats:italic>Mycoplasma gallisepticum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , but other possible bacterial and viral causes were included, along with gross and histopathological examination.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical respiratory disease outbreaks were investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Mycoplasma gallisepticum<\/jats:italic>\n                      was detected by PCR in 65 of 69 outbreaks in pheasants and partridges and isolated from 56 of these. Partial mgc2 gene sequences from 28\n                      <jats:italic>M. gallisepticum<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were compared, and 26 proved identical, suggesting the prevalence of a dominant sequence type. Minimum inhibitory concentration values for tiamulin, tylosin, tylvalosin, doxycycline and tetracycline were significantly higher than the reference strain but could not be correlated with treatment failures. Other bacterial species were isolated from sinuses but were not consistently correlated with disease. RT\u2010PCRs detected coronaviruses in 18% of 49 outbreaks and avian metapneumovirus in 8%. Histopathological lesions were typical of\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>gallisepticum<\/jats:italic>\n                      sinusitis and significantly associated with\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>gallisepticum<\/jats:italic>\n                      PCR outbreak positivity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Mycoplasma gallisepticum<\/jats:italic>\n                      remains an important cause of respiratory disease in gamebirds. Synergism with other pathogens may have played a role in some outbreaks. Specific reasons for variable responses to antibacterial treatment were not identified.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.1972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T22:13:12Z","timestamp":1661465592000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Survey of respiratory disease associated with\n                    <i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum<\/i>\n                    in British gamebirds (2016\u20132019): In vitro antibiotic sensitivity, pathology and detection of other pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Welchman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"APHA Winchester Itchen Abbas  UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Tasker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Pharmaceutical Consultancy  Colchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Poulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APHA Lasswade  Penicuik UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Microbiology Diagnostics Laboratory Department of Veterinary Anatomy Physiology and Pathology Institute of Infection Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool  Neston UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet M.","family":"Bradbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes Institute of Infection Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool  Neston UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344\u2010019\u20101299\u2010x2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"1034","article-title":"Infectious sinusitis of pheasants and partridges","volume":"73","author":"Keymer I","year":"1961","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450120066395"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2011.618822"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"312","article-title":"Isolation and identification of avian pneumovirus from pheasants","volume":"149","author":"Gough RE","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450120106651"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2013.778387"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.150.21.658"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459808419369"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-7-34"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865\u20101682.2011.01222.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1637\/8469-091508-Reg.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.5.5.531-534.1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"615","article-title":"Direct and indirect immunofluorescence of unfixed and fixed Mycoplasma colonies","volume":"80","author":"Rosendal S","year":"1972","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1637\/7261-0812204R1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1637\/10517-022213-ResNoteR"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1591770"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01145\u201017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2020.1861216"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","unstructured":"VMD.2021.https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/guidance\/the\u2010cascade\u2010prescribing\u2010unauthorised\u2010medicines. Accessed 20 Oct 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"911","volume-title":"Diseases of poultry","author":"Armour NK","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1592135"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1592239"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.118.8.211"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","first-page":"603","article-title":"Cryptosporidium baileyi in wild red grouse with \u2018bulgy eye","volume":"4","author":"Coldwell L","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459708419246"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119371199.ch4","volume-title":"Diseases of poultry","author":"Jackwood M","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","unstructured":"ForresterCA DavisC GoughRE Bradbury JM.Mycoplasma gallisepticumand pheasant coronavirus act synergistically to cause respiratory disease in pheasants. Abstracts of the Sixteenth International Congress of the International Organization for Mycoplasmology Cambridge UK.2006. p.22."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459208418844"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450120118603"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/030794502201633"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vetr.1972","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vetr.1972","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vetr.1972","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T09:00:18Z","timestamp":1761642018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vetr.1972"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vetr.1972"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vetr.1972","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-4900","2042-7670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-4900","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-7670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"article-number":"e1972"}}