{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:56:00Z","timestamp":1786978560302,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001003","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To what extent veterinarians active in the dairy or beef sector follow the antimicrobial therapy guidelines made available in different European countries for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) outbreaks, and whether differences in therapeutic or preventive preferences for BRD management exist, is currently unknown. Therefore, the objectives of this cross\u2010sectional study were to compare vaccination coverage and primary antimicrobial and anti\u2010inflammatory treatment on dairy, beef and mixed\u2010breed farms in northern Belgium, and determine their compliance with the recommendations made by the Belgian formulary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Information on antimicrobial and anti\u2010inflammatory drug use and vaccination coverage from 190 BRD outbreaks in 180 herds, submitted by 101 veterinarians, was analysed. Multivariable linear probability models, adjusted for clustering at the veterinarian level, were used to determine differences between dairy and beef farms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antimicrobials and non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were used in 93.5% and 81.7% of the BRD outbreaks, respectively. First\u2010line antimicrobials were used as primary treatment in only 42.3%, 50.9% and 38.6% of dairy, beef and mixed\u2010breed farms, respectively. Significant differences (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) were observed between dairy and beef farms in terms of use of long\u2010acting macrolides (\u201317.2 percentage points [pp]; 95% confidence interval [CI]: \u201331.9, \u20132.5), steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (15.2 pp; CI: 0.5, 29.8) and vaccination coverage (bovine respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus type 3 [33.1 pp; Cl: 15.7\u201350.6] and\n                      <jats:italic>Mannheimia haemolytica<\/jats:italic>\n                      [23.1 pp; Cl: 3.4\u201339.8]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The herds that participated in this study were likely among the more motivated regarding BRD control. As such, the information on vaccination coverage is likely not entirely representative of herds in the study area. Interpretation is further complicated by the fact that vaccinated herds were potentially less likely to face a BRD outbreak and therefore participate in the current study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study reveals differences in the primary use of (N)SAIDs, type of antimicrobials used and vaccination coverage on beef and dairy farms in the study region, and also differences in the appropriateness of antimicrobial selection based on the Belgian formulary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.2235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T10:49:43Z","timestamp":1664534983000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cross\u2010sectional study of primary antimicrobial treatment and vaccination coverage in outbreaks of bovine respiratory disease on dairy and beef farms in northern Belgium"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lowie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University  Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giles","family":"Hanley\u2010Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jozefien","family":"Callens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Service Flanders (DGZ Vlaanderen)  Torhout Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Maris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Pardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University  Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"Antimicrobial use in dairy cattle","volume":"30","author":"G\u00f3mez DE","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Colomb Ciencias Pecu"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr570"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"EMA.A European One Health Action Plan against antimicrobial resistance (AMR) [Internet].2017[cited 2022 Feb 14]. 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