{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:54:04Z","timestamp":1781657644289,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012158","name":"Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012158","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003513","name":"University of Surrey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003513","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite considerable recent reductions in antimicrobial use, the UK gamebird industry continues to struggle with production diseases during the rearing season, necessitating significant antibiotic use. This observational study investigated the presence of genes conferring resistance to \u03b2\u2010lactam antibiotics within industry\u2010reared pheasants and red\u2010legged partridges in the UK.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DNA was extracted from 60 pooled caecal samples collected from gamebirds at routine postmortem examinations during the rearing season. Genes encoding extended\u2010spectrum \u03b2\u2010lactamases (ESBL) were detected by PCR and the corresponding alleles were determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Over half (53%) of the samples harboured genes encoding\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                      resistance, with\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub>\n                      identified in 20% of samples. The\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                      gene was more common on sites with higher antibiotic use, whereas\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub>\n                      was predominantly found in birds younger than 5 weeks. Genotyping of the identified resistance genes revealed the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>TEM\u20101<\/jats:sub>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>SHV\u20101<\/jats:sub>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>SHV\u201011<\/jats:sub>\n                      alleles.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a small\u2010scale study conducted at four sites in southern England.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first report of the presence of ESBL genes in gamebirds, highlighting the need for further research into antimicrobial resistance in UK gamebirds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.2540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T23:23:31Z","timestamp":1672097011000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["\u03b2\u2010Lactam resistance genes present in UK pheasants and red\u2010legged partridges"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Bain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine University of Surrey  Guildford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Getika","family":"Rathor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine University of Surrey  Guildford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben P.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine University of Surrey  Guildford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9629-3802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwa M.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine University of Surrey  Guildford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Przemyslaw","family":"Papke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine University of Surrey  Guildford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"South","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St David's Poultry Team  Exmouth UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Downs Veterinary Consultancy  Hambrook UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hafren Veterinary Group  Newtown UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto M.","family":"La Ragione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine University of Surrey  Guildford UK"},{"name":"School of Biosciences and Medicine University of Surrey  Guildford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4220-3290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha","family":"Betson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine University of Surrey  Guildford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2312"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9020049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02519-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey539"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10072643"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2020.6007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-019-1299-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.10.2285"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2015.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Antimicrobial\u2010resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from wild pheasants (Phasianus colchicus)","volume":"55","author":"Holko I","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Ital"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance of staphylococci from hares, pheasants and poultry products in east Slovakia and north\u2010east Austria","volume":"43","author":"M\u00e1rtonov\u00e1 M","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Food Nutr Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ijas.2014.3476"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.k2576"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"Veterinary Medicines Directorate.UK One Health Report\u2014joint report on antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance 2013\u20132017.2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jo400236f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"A review on \u03b2\u2010lactam antibiotic drug resistance","volume":"3","author":"Zango UU","year":"2019","journal-title":"MOJ Drug Design Dev Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp498"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"Veterinary Medicines Directorate.UK Veterinary Antibiotic Resistance and Sales Surveillance Report UK\u2010VARSS 2019.2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252317000020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fux004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.11-0479"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-011-0547-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2017.00126"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39323-x"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vetr.2540","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vetr.2540","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vetr.2540","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T09:12:04Z","timestamp":1761642724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vetr.2540"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vetr.2540"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vetr.2540","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-4900","2042-7670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-4900","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-7670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]]},"article-number":"e2540"}}