{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T21:15:36Z","timestamp":1762377336973,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Red Squirrels United was a UK landscape\u2010scale grey squirrel management programme undertaken between 2016 and 2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 11034 grey squirrels were removed by culling, with 1506 necropsied and 1405 suitable for adenovirus (AdV) or squirrelpox virus (SQPV) quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. Spleen, lip or hair were extracted, and DNA was isolated, with samples tested in duplicate by qPCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 1378 tissue samples, 43% were positive for AdV and 10% for SQPV. Of 1031 hair samples, 11% were positive for AdV and 10% for SQPV. Overall, 762 of 1405 (54%) animals were positive for one or both viruses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ad hoc sampling was undertaken from limited geographical areas but provided the only dataset from that period, instead of extrapolating from historical data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The grey squirrel is an asymptomatic reservoir host for AdV and SQPV. Interspecific infection transmission potential is demonstrated. Grey squirrel management by culling is essential for mainland red squirrel viability until other suitable management tools are available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.2834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T21:23:52Z","timestamp":1680816232000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Opportunistic viral surveillance confirms the ongoing disease threat grey squirrels pose to sympatric red squirrel populations in the UK"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"192","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9643-5126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Everest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Plant Health Agency\u2010Weybridge  Addlestone UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chalin","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Plant Health Agency\u2010Weybridge  Addlestone UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akbar","family":"Dastjerdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Plant Health Agency\u2010Weybridge  Addlestone UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Plant Health Agency\u2010Weybridge  Addlestone UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Cripps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancashire Wildlife Trust Seaforth Nature Reserve  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Conor","family":"McKinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulster Wildlife  Belfast UK"},{"name":"RSK Ireland  Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gala","family":"Podgornik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulster Wildlife  Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Stinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulster Wildlife  Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"O'Hare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northumberland Wildlife Trust  Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonnie","family":"Sapsford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northumberland Wildlife Trust  Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aileen","family":"Mill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Wildlife Management School of Biology Newcastle University  Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zelda","family":"Van der Waal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Wildlife Management School of Biology Newcastle University  Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikki","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wildlife Trusts  Newark UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Trotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cumbria Wildlife Trust  Kendal UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig M.","family":"Shuttleworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Science Bangor University  Bangor UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Mammals of the British Isles. Handbook","year":"2008","author":"Gurnell J","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1"},{"volume-title":"Red squirrels: ecology, conservation and management in Europe","year":"2015","author":"Gurnell J","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acv.12433"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-021-02611-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12853"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268805005303"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810000816"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.1216"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.164.17.528"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"400","article-title":"Parapox infection of the grey squirrel","volume":"138","author":"Duff JP","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.109.10.202"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1795.2012.00570.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.j5132"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12010099"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"SainsburyAW AdairB GrahamD GurnellJ CunninghamAA BenkoM et\u00a0al.Isolation of a novel adenovirus associated with splenitis diarrhoea and mortality in translocated red squirrels Sciurus vulgaris. In:HoferH editor.Zoo Animal Disease: Negotiation Report of the 40th International Symposium on Zoo and Wildlife Diseases May 23\u201326 2001 Rotterdam\/The Netherlands.2001.p.265\u201370."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.160.11.384"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.c3928"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.e1128"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mam.12025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-47.2.442"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/2013-10-260"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Inter\u2010specific viral infections: can the management of captive red squirrel collections help inform scientific research?","volume":"25","author":"Shuttleworth CM","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hystrix It J Mamm"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.c4111"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.d2610"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-017-3463-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.j2493","article-title":"Virus presence within Welsh red squirrels","volume":"180","author":"Everest DJ","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mambio.2017.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100617"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.l1798"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.163.14.430"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.165.16.482"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-016-1031-z"},{"volume-title":"The grey squirrel: ecology and management of an invasive species in Europe","year":"2016","author":"Cowan DP","key":"e_1_2_11_34_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Assessing a potential non\u2010invasive method for viral diagnostic purposes in European squirrels","volume":"30","author":"Everest DJ","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hystrix It J Mamm"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.l6687"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","unstructured":"Red Squirrels United.Available from:www.redsquirrelsunited.org.uk"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2018.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2020.108869"},{"volume-title":"The Royal Society of Wildlife Trusts;","year":"2020","author":"Robinson N","key":"e_1_2_11_40_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3391\/mbi.2020.11.4.09"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","unstructured":"GillR FerrymanM ShuttleworthCM LurzPWW MillA RobertsonP et\u00a0al.Controlling grey squirrels in forests and woodlands in the UK. UK Forestry Standard Technical Note. Forest Research.2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-6-33"},{"volume-title":"The grey squirrel: ecology and management of an invasive species in Europe","year":"2015","author":"Dale TD","key":"e_1_2_11_44_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-014-0671-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089521"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Assessing causes and significance of red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) mortality during regional population restoration","volume":"26","author":"Shuttleworth CM","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hystrix It J Mamm"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.f5304"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.1558"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13627"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2017.08.008"},{"volume-title":"Saving the red squirrel: landscape recovery","year":"2020","author":"Shuttleworth CM","key":"e_1_2_11_53_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42991-021-00157-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118342442"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-223"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vetr.2834","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T12:31:10Z","timestamp":1761654670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vetr.2834"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vetr.2834"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vetr.2834","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-4900","2042-7670"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0042-4900"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2042-7670"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"article-number":"e2834"}}