{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:31:05Z","timestamp":1790217065188,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Monitoring antibiotic use is essential to provide a framework enabling veterinarians to use antibiotics prudently.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electronic medical records from the University of Veterinary Medicine's Clinic for Ruminants in Vienna were analysed with respect to sheep and goat antibiotic doses administered over a 15\u2010year period (2005\u20132019). Antibiotic use was assessed using total milligrams per kilogram (mg\/kg), total milligrams, number of doses administered, defined daily doses (DDD) for cattle and estimated DDD for sheep.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 5113 antibiotic doses were recorded over the 15\u2010year period. Urinary tract disorders required the highest number of doses administered per animal (mean 16.9; median 16.0). Antibiotic use patterns varied according to the metrics used for analysis. By mg\/kg, the largest proportion of antibiotics administered were penicillin\/streptomycin (43.0% of the total mg\/kg), followed by tetracyclines (17.3%) and sulphonamide\/trimethoprim combinations (15.2%). By number of doses administered, the most frequently used antibiotics were penicillins (excluding combinations with streptomycin) (33.9% of total number of doses administered), fluoroquinolones (25.1%), third\/fourth\u2010generation cephalosporins (13.6%) and penicillin\/streptomycin (13.4%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As the university clinic was a city\u2010based referral centre, this analysis cannot be compared directly with antibiotic use in commercial herds or flocks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The considered choice of antibiotic use metrics is essential for an effective and meaningful analysis of the responsible use of antibiotics by veterinarians in practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.3413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T00:55:55Z","timestamp":1694566555000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of metrics to assess antibiotic use in small ruminants at a university referral clinic between 2005 and 2019"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"194","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4919-7786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clair L.","family":"Firth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Veterinary Public Health &amp; Epidemiology University of Veterinary Medicine  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Keppelm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Veterinary Public Health &amp; Epidemiology University of Veterinary Medicine  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarie","family":"K\u00e4sbohrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Veterinary Public Health &amp; Epidemiology University of Veterinary Medicine  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Hund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic for Ruminants University of Veterinary Medicine  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Agricultural Centre for Cattle Grassland, Dairy Game and Fisheries of Baden\u2010Wuerttemberg (LAZBW)  Aulendorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Wittek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic for Ruminants University of Veterinary Medicine  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency.Trends in the sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in nine European countries: reporting period 2005\u20132009.2011. 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