{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:31:55Z","timestamp":1789385515542,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is the most important animal health concern in Wales. Annual testing across all cattle herds in Wales commenced in 2010. In 2017, a new geographic division of Wales was conceived, with bespoke cattle controls and eradication milestones reflecting the geographical heterogeneity of bTB distribution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This observational study uses descriptive analysis and Poisson regression modelling to analyse bTB surveillance data from all herds in Wales.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Since 2010, there has been a significant decrease (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001) in bTB incidence (8.6%\u20126.3%) and plateauing prevalence across Wales. Conversely, there has been an increase in bTB incidence and prevalence in discrete areas. Recurrence and persistence remain important drivers of bTB infection. One of the sharpest declines in bTB incidence was observed in an intensive action area where enhanced cattle control and wildlife vaccination were implemented in an area of high bTB prevalence. Increased herd size, dairy herd type and herd location are important risk factors affecting the rate of bTB incidents in Wales.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study includes data from Wales only.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Improvements in trends of bTB occurred from 2010 to 2021, but the spatial variations described in this paper support the continued need for regionally adapted surveillance and control measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.4600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T08:17:36Z","timestamp":1730449056000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bovine tuberculosis trends in Wales between 2010 and 2021"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"195","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7804-323X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Seery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wales TB Epi Team APHA Wales Field Services Caernarfon UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wales TB Epi Team APHA Wales Field Services Carmarthen UK"},{"name":"Red Kite Veterinary Consultants Thame UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Galloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wales TB Epi Team APHA Wales Field Services Carmarthen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darrell","family":"Abernethy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aberystwyth School of Veterinary Science Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glyn","family":"Hewinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00ear Cymru Centre of Excellence for Bovine TB, Department of Life Sciences Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470344538.ch9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrurstud.2017.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0962-8479(95)90591-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985812467472"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","volume-title":"Bovine tuberculosis in cattle and badgers","author":"Krebs J","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815000291"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100193"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"Updated Wales TB Eradication Programme Delivery Plan","author":"Welsh Government","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","volume-title":"A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","volume-title":"ISLR: data for an introduction to statistical learning with applications in R","author":"James G","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2015.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","unstructured":"APHA. Annual Surveillance Data. Data Systems Group APHA Weybridge; 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Bovine TB infection status in cattle in Great Britain in 2021","volume":"2","author":"Voller C","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","volume-title":"Bovine tuberculosis in Great Britain in 2021: explanatory supplement to the annual reports","author":"APHA","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","volume-title":"TB Policy Team Personal Communication","author":"Welsh Government","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2011.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2011.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci6040097"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","first-page":"228","article-title":"Exploring the fate of cattle herds with inconclusive reactors to the tuberculin skin test. Front","author":"Brunton LA","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","volume-title":"Epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Wales: annual surveillance report for 2019","author":"APHA","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres\/2009033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-8-51"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100969"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.m1242"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","volume-title":"Tuberculosis disease statistics in Northern Ireland","author":"DAERA","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","unstructured":"DAFM. National Bovine TB Statistics. Accessed 28 May 2024. Available from:https:\/\/www.gov.ie\/en\/publication\/5986c\u2010national\u2010bovine\u2010tb\u2010statistics\u20102020\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.104718"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2020.105096"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","volume-title":"Personal Communication","author":"Welsh Government","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2016.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2011.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.07.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2017.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2023.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","unstructured":"TB Hub.Resolved inconclusive reactor policy. Accessed 10 Apr 2024. Available from:https:\/\/tbhub.co.uk\/tb\u2010policy\/england\/resolved\u2010inconclusive\u2010reactor\u2010policy\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2007.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82434-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","unstructured":"HarrisDC SchroederPG GallowayMT CurdsM RhodesS.Use of the interferon\u2010gamma test in combination with the IDEXX antibody test in bovine tuberculosis breakdowns in Wales."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2036554100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1472"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72297-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100193"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.14046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.45833"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010075"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2005.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2016.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","unstructured":"WOAH.WOAH Terrestrial Code Chapter 8.12. Infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Article 8.12.1. 2023. Accessed 22 Apr 2024. Available from:https:\/\/www.woah.org\/en\/what\u2010we\u2010do\/standards\/codes\u2010and\u2010manuals\/terrestrial\u2010code\u2010online\u2010access\/?id=169&L=1&htmfile=chapitre_bovine_tuberculosis.htm"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vetr.4600","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T11:44:02Z","timestamp":1761565442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vetr.4600"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vetr.4600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vetr.4600","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-4900","2042-7670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-4900","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-7670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"article-number":"e4600"}}