{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T12:29:28Z","timestamp":1761654568878,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Louping ill virus (LIV) is a tick\u2010borne flavivirus that can cause fatal meningoencephalomyelitis in dogs. Four dogs with confirmed LIV infection and a case series of dogs with suspected flavivirus infection have been reported in the UK. However, underreporting of LIV infection due to lack of testing is suspected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surplus serum\/plasma from 220 dogs was used to determine the seroprevalence of LIV by haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test. Signalment and environmental factors were investigated for potential correlations with a positive titre (serum dilution of 1:20 or more).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two hundred and two dogs were suitable for inclusion in the study, nine of which (4.5%) were seropositive. Among the dogs investigated for neurological disease (40\/202; 19.8%), six (15%) were seropositive. Ectoparasiticide use approached significance (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.055) for being protective against LIV seropositivity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main limitations were the specificity of the HAI test, the relatively small number of samples, the low number of seropositive dogs, the poor geographical distribution of the samples and the inherent limitations of questionnaire\u2010based research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The seroprevalence of LIV in the UK dog population appears to be low. However, LIV should be considered in dogs presenting with unexplained acute or subacute progressive neurological clinical signs, especially because of the recent reports of several dogs with clinical flavivirus infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.4702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T05:23:49Z","timestamp":1727673829000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seropositivity to louping ill virus in dogs in the UK"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Iris","family":"Elgueta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Service Vets Now Referral Hospital  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kayleigh","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Surveillance Unit Moredun Research Institute  Penicuik UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2815-2527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theofanis","family":"Liatis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology &amp; Neurosurgery Service Queen Mother Hospital for Animals Royal Veterinary College  Hatfield UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Gonzalo\u2010Nadal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southfields Veterinary Specialist  Basildon UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleanor","family":"Laming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Surveillance Unit Moredun Research Institute  Penicuik UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark P.","family":"Dagleish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Pathology Public Health and Disease Investigation School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pauline M.","family":"Jamieson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Service Vets Now Referral Hospital  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giles","family":"Innocent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0276-8040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara S.","family":"Rocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Surveillance Unit Moredun Research Institute  Penicuik UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.92.14.354"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1982.tb01662.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2018.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","article-title":"Meningoencephalomyelitis and brachial plexitis in a dog infected with louping ill virus","author":"Fingerhood S","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.062356-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-74-1-109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"2563","article-title":"Densities of the tick (Ixodes ricinus) and coexistence of the louping ill virus and tick\u2010borne encephalitis on the island of Bornholm","volume":"166","author":"Jensen PM","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-014-2310-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1806.120220"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-4453(91)92756-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985810396515"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.122.3.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.98.6.116"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102.21.463"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.162.1.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.156.13.420"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.106.1.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400039139"},{"volume-title":"European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites","author":"Control of vector\u2010borne disease in dogs and cats","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13682"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.3979"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(71)90103-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1958.7.561"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2601.191085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.47.1900679"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.p799"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antib11040072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.1023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.975398"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-3242-6"},{"volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2023","author":"R Core Team","key":"e_1_2_10_32_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.604910"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-59"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00377"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.819945"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2006.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.031641-0"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vetr.4702","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T12:24:36Z","timestamp":1761654276000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vetr.4702"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,19]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vetr.4702"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vetr.4702","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-4900","2042-7670"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0042-4900"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2042-7670"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"article-number":"e4702"}}