{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T05:56:28Z","timestamp":1761630988733,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reuse of disposable medical products is common practice in veterinary medicine; however, studies on the safety of such reuse are often lacking. This study aimed to determine whether steam sterilisation of disposable surgical gowns compromises their resistance to wet microbial penetration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty surgical gowns were removed from their sterile packaging, manipulated, wetted, dried and subsequently repacked and steam sterilised. The protocol was performed once (groups A and C) or twice (groups B and D) for both spunbond\/meltblown\/meltblown\/meltblown\/spunbond (SMMMS) (groups A and B) and spunlace (groups C and D) fabric types. Wet microbial penetration tests, carried out according to the European Standard EN ISO 22610, were performed and the barrier index (\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) was calculated to assess the performance requirements.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                      of the SMMMS fabric (groups A and B) and the spunlace fabric (groups C and D) were 3.496, 3.182, 3.206 and 3.490, respectively. The mean\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                      for all groups was significantly greater than 2.8 (group A:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005; groups B, C and D:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was an experimental study with a small sample size, and only one of nine performance requirements specified in the relevant European standards was tested. Furthermore, no cleaning process was implemented, so the test results cannot be directly extrapolated to real\u2010world clinical settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In terms of wet microbial penetration, as defined by European standards, disposable surgical gowns made of SMMMS or spunlace can be safely steam sterilised up to two times.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.5121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T06:25:01Z","timestamp":1738045501000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Steam sterilisation of disposable surgical gowns does not compromise resistance to wet microbial penetration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"196","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7541-7877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janne","family":"Stael","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Anesthesia and Orthopedics of Large Animals Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6381-590X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maarten","family":"Haspeslagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Anesthesia and Orthopedics of Large Animals Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilse","family":"Beekhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anicura Haaglanden Rijswijk The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Anesthesia and Orthopedics of Large Animals Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aorn.12885"},{"volume-title":"EN ISO 13795\u20101:2019. Surgical clothing and drapes\u2014requirements and test methods. Part 1: surgical drapes and gowns","year":"2019","author":"European Committee for Standardization","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1533\/9780857093691.4.443"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1533\/9780857093691.1.106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15204189"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-44571-z"},{"volume-title":"Influence of pressure and specific energy on the structure of the hydroentangled fabrics [MSc thesis]","year":"2018","author":"Garcia PAC","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.04.001"},{"volume-title":"EN ISO 22610:2006. Surgical drapes, gowns and clean air suits, used as medical devices, for patients, clinical staff and equipment\u2014test method to determine the resistance to wet microbial penetration","year":"2006","author":"European Committee for Standardization","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257468","article-title":"Can sterilization of disposable face masks be an alternative for imported face masks? A nationwide field study including 19 sterilization departments and 471 imported brand types during COVID\u201019 shortages","volume":"16","author":"Straten B","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2022.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12221-019-8299-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822006000200003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aorn.12668"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/501792"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.11433"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4265\/bio.22.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/003588409X12486167521154"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-008-9723-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-003-9232-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"888","article-title":"Two hundred endoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasties: cost containment by reusable instruments","volume":"115","author":"Lau H","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.13856"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vetr.5121","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T05:52:38Z","timestamp":1761630758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vetr.5121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vetr.5121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vetr.5121","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-4900","2042-7670"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0042-4900"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2042-7670"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"article-number":"e5121"}}