{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T12:19:01Z","timestamp":1788524341664,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health issue, with antimicrobial use (AMU) in veterinary medicine playing a relevant role in its emergence. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Austrian veterinarians regarding AMU and AMR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An online survey was conducted in 2022. Veterinary respondents were grouped according to their type of practice (companion animals, i.e., pets and horses; farm; mixed practice).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Knowledge gaps were identified, particularly among companion animal veterinarians, with only 31% correctly recognising cefovecin as a critically important antimicrobial and 16% incorrectly stating it was a first\u2010choice drug. However, treating groups of animals with orally administered antibiotics was correctly classed as having the highest influence on AMR by 75% of 165 respondents. With respect to deciding to use antibiotics, all practitioners considered a clinical examination to be important or very important, while cost considerations and owner expectations were classed by companion animal practitioners as being significantly less important than among farm and mixed practitioners. Of all 180 veterinarians, 47% reported using antimicrobial susceptibility testing always or regularly (approximately 20%\u201250% of antibiotic treatments).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The small sample size may have introduced confirmation bias, as practitioners with a particular interest in AMU and AMR may have been more likely to respond to the survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings confirm the need for additional training to improve prudent AMU and awareness of antimicrobial stewardship in clinical practice across all veterinary sectors in Austria. Future efforts should prioritise the knowledge gaps among companion animal practitioners, in particular.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.6121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T10:51:15Z","timestamp":1764759075000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u2018Knowledge, attitudes and practices\u2019 survey of Austrian veterinarians' antibiotic use in clinical practice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"199","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4919-7786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clair L.","family":"Firth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarie","family":"K\u00e4sbohrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Department of Biological Safety German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Unit Epidemiology, Zoonoses and Antimicrobial Resistance  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Tripolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data, Statistics and Risk Assessment, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klemens","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data, Statistics and Risk Assessment, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01867-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/27.2.199"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"WHO FAO OIE UNEP.Strategic framework for collaboration on antimicrobial resistance\u2014together for One Health[Internet].2022[cited 2023 Oct 7]. Available from:https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/352625\/9789240045408\u2010eng.pdf?sequence=1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency. 2023 European surveillance of veterinary antimicrobial consumption (ESVAC): 2009\u20122023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","volume-title":"European sales and use of antimicrobials for veterinary medicine: annual surveillance report for 2023","author":"European Medicines Agency","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","volume-title":"Verordnung des Bundesministers f\u00fcr Gesundheit, mit der ein System zur \u00dcberwachung des Vertriebs und Verbrauchs von Antibiotika im Veterin\u00e4rbereich eingerichtet wird","author":"BMG","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"BMSGPK.Bundesgesetz \u00fcber Tierarzneimittel (Tierarzneimittelgesetz\u2014TAMG) (Austrian Federal Law on Veterinary Medicinal Products)[Internet].2024. Available from:https:\/\/www.ris.bka.gv.at\/eli\/bgbl\/I\/2023\/186\/20231230"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Regulation (EU) 2019\/6 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on veterinary medicinal products and repealing Directive 2001\/82\/EC","volume":"4","author":"European Union","year":"2019","journal-title":"Off J Eur Union"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0253717620946111"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","unstructured":"R Core Team.R: a language and environment for statistical computing. [Internet]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing;2023. Available from:https:\/\/www.R\u2010project.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency.Categorisation of antibiotics for use in animals for prudent and responsible use[Internet].2019[cited 2020 Feb 12]. Available from:https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/news\/categorisation\u2010antibiotics\u2010used\u2010animals\u2010promotes\u2010responsible\u2010use\u2010protect\u2010public\u2010animal\u2010health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De BriyneN AtkinsonJ Pokludov\u00e1L BorrielloSP PriceS.Factors influencing antibiotic prescribing habits and use of sensitivity testing amongst veterinarians in Europe. Vet Rec.2013;173(19):475.","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101454"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2585-3269"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14040419"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab178"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vro2.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12260"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","unstructured":"AGES.Risikobarometer 2023 Antibiotikaresistenzen[Internet].2023[cited 2025 Aug 30]. Available from:https:\/\/www.ages.at\/forschung\/wissen\u2010aktuell\/detail\/risikobarometer\u20102023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0295070"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","unstructured":"European Union.Ban on antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed enters into effect[Internet].2005. p.1. Available from:http:\/\/europa.eu\/rapid\/press\u2010release_IP\u201005\u20101687_en.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.4799"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2024.100752"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13060533"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.105822"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14030251"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.155.23.733"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.62"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21184"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme-2023-0129"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.104639"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vetr.6121","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vetr.6121","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vetr.6121","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:52:05Z","timestamp":1788522725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vetr.6121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vetr.6121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vetr.6121","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-4900","2042-7670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-4900","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-7670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]}}}