{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:34:00Z","timestamp":1792542840839,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Laparoscopic intrauterine artificial insemination (Lap\u2010AI) is used in sheep genetic improvement programmes. However, the lambing rate (LR) (i.e., the proportion of inseminated ewes that lamb) following Lap\u2010AI is variable. Previously, one small UK study investigated factors associated with LR, but it did not adjust for dependencies or confounding in the data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were collected from 11,493 Lap\u2010AIs carried out commercially in Southwest England and Wales between 1995 and 2005. Multilevel multivariable analyses were then used to identify factors associated with LR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean unadjusted average LR was 71%. However, ewes inseminated with fresh semen on days when the maximum ambient temperature (MAT\u00b0C) was lower than 25\u00b0C had a higher LR (adjusted LR \u223c78%; OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.30\u20101.77) than ewes inseminated with frozen semen (adjusted LR ~70%). LRs were lower on days when MAT\u00b0C was \u226525\u00b0C (adjusted LRs: fresh ~64%; frozen ~65%). LR decreased as the time between sponge removal and insemination increased (OR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01\u20120.87) and varied between months and years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Due to the design of the study, individual ewe\u2010 and ram\u2010level factors could not be investigated. Furthermore, some breeds were less well represented, which hindered breed\u2010level analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Keeping ewes and rams cool on the day of insemination and inseminating ewes earlier after sponge removal may improve LR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.70218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T05:36:03Z","timestamp":1770010563000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Factors associated with the reproductive performance of ewes inseminated laparoscopically in England and Wales: A longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"199","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3454-0676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mike J.","family":"Glover","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Horsepond Veterinary Centre  South Molton UK"},{"name":"Torch Farm and Equine Ltd. South Molton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham  Edgbaston UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4474-1340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Clifton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Science University of Nottingham  Sutton Bonington UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1982.tb02737.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/BI9880103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(98)00019-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AN11323"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"ShackellGH KyleB LittlejohnRP.Factors influencing the success of a large scale artificial insemination programme in sheep.Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production.New Zealand Society of Animal Production.1990. p.427\u2013430."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-014-0872-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/inpract.21.4.190"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas2001.79E-SupplE255x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Genetic progress in the Camda group breeding scheme nucleus","volume":"1994","author":"Pollott GE","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Br Soc Anim Prod"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731107001176"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731108002152"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2012.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"291","volume-title":"Reproduction in sheep: Australian Wool Corporation technical publication","author":"Maxwell WMC","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13523"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"194","volume-title":"Salamon's artificial insemination of sheep and goats","author":"Evans G","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.156.12.372"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(95)00020-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2024.107453"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-79253-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","article-title":"AI for sheep using frozen semen. 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