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Synanthropic animals such as the cane toad (\n                      <jats:italic>Rhinella jimi<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), which share environments with both people and wild and domestic animals, may harbour\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      and contribute to urban and rural transmission cycles.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study evaluated the serological and molecular presence of\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. in\n                      <jats:italic>R. jimi<\/jats:italic>\n                      collected from urban and rural areas in Brazil's semi\u2010arid region. Twenty\u2010five toads were captured, euthanased and sampled. Blood was analysed using the microscopic agglutination test, and urine and kidney tissues were tested via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the LipL32 gene.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Six toads (24%) were seropositive for\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with the identified serogroups being Australis (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3), Icterohaemorrhagiae (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2) and Pomona (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1). PCR detected\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      DNA in 11 animals (44%), mainly from urban locations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study's small sample size, although ethically justified, represents a limitation for broader epidemiological inferences. Furthermore, due to the lack of complete data on the animals\u2019 prior movements, the relationship between infection and geographical origin could not be fully determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The presence of antibodies and leptospiral DNA indicates that\n                      <jats:italic>R. jimi<\/jats:italic>\n                      may act as a non\u2010conventional host in\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      transmission, posing a potential public health risk.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.70228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T10:19:42Z","timestamp":1767521982000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection of\n                    <i>Leptospira<\/i>\n                    in cane toads (\n                    <i>Rhinella jimi<\/i>\n                    ) from urban and rural Para\u00edba, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"198","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7184-003X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karla N.","family":"de Souza Rocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health Federal University of Campina Grande  Patos Brazil"},{"name":"Federal Institute of Para\u00edba (IFPB)  Patos Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"de Lima Peixoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health Federal University of Campina Grande  Patos Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucila S.","family":"de Medeiros Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health Federal University of Campina Grande  Patos Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debora Ferreira","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health Federal University of Campina Grande  Patos Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria L. 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